Essay On Pre-Partum

There has been a fair amount of hoof root in a couple of the herds. As I look at the environments and management styles, the herds that value health over product primarily has fewer problems with hoof root due to them cleaning out pens religiously and always keeping up on vacations. Another difference I see is that places that do not overcrowd have healthier cows compared to places that overcrowd the cows. Another disease that I see is scouring in calves. Farms that decide to keep their calves inside usually have a higher tendency for scouring due to infection and disease being much for prompt in the air of inside facilities compared to outside. Dr. Carpenter told me that calves first 56 days of life is the most critical stage of its life. The first 56 days reflects the most heavily of the cow’s first lactation. Dr. Carpenters claim results correlate with herds under his supervision. One herd we are at almost everyday keeps their calves inside and the calves are regularly sick. While a different herd keeps their calves outside and seem to have good luck with their calves and are relatively healthy. The other correlation is during there first lactation. Looking at data between the two herds during the cows first lactation also agree that the cows in the herd that have calves that are healthy and kept outside have higher milk production than that

Animal agriculture is one of the largest contributors to climate change; however, this fact goes unacknowledged by most people. Livestock and their byproducts produce monstrous amounts

In looking at the data shortening or omitting the dry period can improve the energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation through a decrease in milk yield after calving. Along with cows that had been submitted to a short dry period produced less milk than a cow that had been submitted to a standard dry period, but the quantity of this loss did not change when a short dry period had come into effect over consecutive lactations. Making all the final decisions require more time to further look through the data received to determine if following this practice is going to help our facility run efficiently not only financially but looking at the health of the cattle along the way making various changes.

Abd El-Shaffy and G. A. Abd El-Rahman.  El-Nor, Khalif and El-Shaffy are from the Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.  Khattab and El-Sayed are from the Animal Production Department Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra Al-Kheimah, Cairo, Egypt.  The last author El-Rahman is from the Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University.  All that was just listed was the source of authority that these authors have in their country.  These authors or professors are well-prepared to write about this topic because they talk about the whole experiment.  They inform the reader about what was done in the experiment and what came out of the experiment.  This article came from Revista Veterinaria.  The intended readers are possibly Buffalo breeders to see what is the best way to feed the calf and what milk is the most nutritious.  Also people that are interested in this topic can read this article as well.  There

Early prenatal care can prevent potential medical problems and increase opportunities for positive outcomes for mothers and infants.

In the Periodical report it describes different studies that are being conducted by determining the different approaches on weaning calves that follows with increased stress in the animal. It has been stated that, when the public eye sees the effects weaning has on both cow and calf, they perceive that it is an animal welfare issue. In detail it describes the importance of reducing stress in the calf while stating that there isn't a perfect way when weaning. Studies have shown many different techniques that improve the welfare and stress in calves when weaning, but nothing can be completely accurate.

This study depicted that common wombat burrows provide a constant temperature 1-2m from the entrance within four different habitats – open field, forested, short ground cover and sandy bank – during both summer and autumn. However, noticeable differences in the temperatures between the seasons were observed. Although, this was expected as the insulating properties of the soil stop daily, but not seasonal, fluctuations in temperature from a depth of approximately 0.30cm (Reichman & Smith 1990), with the main factors that did influence burrow temperatures being time of day, elevation during summer and aspect during autumn. There are few studies in the literature that display the influences of elevation and aspect on burrow temperatures so these may present novel findings that might impact burrow location or use. The general outcome that burrow temperatures remain constant while temperatures outside the burrow fluctuate, however, is supported in many studies of different species. Shimmin et al

Pregnancy stage of the cows or heifers might be another influencing factor since the nutritional requirements for them increases significantly in the last three months of pregnancy.

Along with adequate feed, cattle need plenty of water each day. In times of draught, this can be quite a challenge to the seed stock producers.

Every October, thousands of cows are brought down from summer alpine pastures high up in the Berchtesgaden National Park mountains. Local farmers, in this German region, claim that spending the summer months in the mountains, makes the cattle healthier and happier. As I was hiking on these beautiful slopes in November, I did not see any cows. However, Berchtesgaden mountain herbs, clear spring waters and stunning scenery had a similar effect on me as on Bavarian

The purpose of the study was to observe the effects of multiple stresses on reproduction of Malpura ewes. The study aimed to provide evidence on multiple stressors that impact livestock productivity in this region. Stresses investigated in this study included thermal, nutritional and walking stress, which livestock are subjected to as a result of extremely variable temperatures, low forage availability, and inadequate water supply. Researchers hypothesized that heat stress, in combination with nutritional and walking stress negatively affects the reproductive abilities in Malpura ewes, a phenomenon largely attributed to the changing climate in this region. Thus, the objective of the study was to provide insight on the effects

They result in an increase in veterinary costs, culling rates and indirectly result in production and reproduction losses. Dairy farmers need to make swift decisions to help reduce the incidence of such diseases. Studies conducted by Calamari & team(2014) provide evidence that Rumination time, during the calving period, is related to various health conditions, inflammation blood markers and diseases commonly found during the first lactation month (Calamari, et al., 2014). Rumination time is also a very accurate parameter for an early identification of metabolic disorders such as ruminal acidosis, which is caused by feeding cows with high level of fast digesting carbohydrates such as Barley. The disease is a deadly disease and often results in the death of the animal (Reith & Hoy,

The impacts of livestock on global climate change are important to the health of the ecosystem because it causes the average global temperature to increase. Livestock contributes to the majority of methane emitted into the atmosphere because of the feces it produces. The growing population increase is not helpful to this matter because as a result, a demand of food arises. This demand for food also includes the demand for livestock because it is appropriate for the human diet. “Meat production is to double from 229 million tonnes in [2000] to 465 million tonnes in 2050” (McMichael et al. 1259). The methane emission rate is bound to increase because it is “dependent upon the population size of the [livestock], their productivity, and [handling system]” (Jose et al. 3).

The purpose of this journal article was to test two different cooling methods on Murrah buffalo under heat stressed conditions. Summarizing the study, they selected 12 Murrah buffalo that had previously calved 2 or 3 before and were in early, 50-70 days, lactation during the study. The trial took place for a span of 60 days, 30 during the May-June months and the other 30 in the August-September months. 6 buffalo were placed under constantly running water showers (Group 1), while the other 6 were allowed to wallow in a water pond from 11 A.M. to 4 P.M (Group 2). They collected blood samples from both groups on 3 day intervals for both trial time periods, specifically testing for plasma thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol, and insulin hormones. During the study the buffalo had ad lib water and access to green maze fodder. They wanted to also see how differences in humidity would impact the effectiveness of the cooling methods and how it would impact the buffalos milk and feed yields. The average temperature humidity index (THI) was 80.3% during the hot-dry season and 83.6 during the hot-humid season. The results showed that the buffalo that wallowed in the water pond had a higher average plasma T4 and insulin level compared to those under water showers in the hot-dry season. Plasma T3 levels weren’t noticeably different between Group 1 and 2. Although Plasma cortisol concentration in Group 1 were higher when compared to Group 2 (4.80 vs. 2.60 ng/ml). In the

Title of Project: Incidence and Progression of Lab Values in a Cohort of Patients with Pre-Eclampsia