Essay On Refractive Error

The records have been reviewed. The member is an adult male with a birth date of 05/16/1973. He has a diagnosis of bilateral degenerative myopia. His treating provider, Amy Camarota, OD, recommended treatment options on 03/18/2016, one of which was scleral lenses, which the member opted and paid for on 04/01/2016.

Glaucoma is a common and important health problem. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in Western Society (Hoskins & Kass, 1989). It is responsible for ten percent of all blindness in the United States and continues to be the second or third most common cause of blindness in the world (Bunce, Fraser, & Wormald, 1999). It is estimated that two million people in the United States have been diagnosed as having glaucoma. Glaucoma is known to affect about two percent of Caucasians beginning at the age of 40 with an increasing risk for those over the age of 60. This risk is especially high if a member of the family has glaucoma or diabetes. Further, there is a higher risk of a glaucoma diagnosis for African Americans

Glaucoma can occur without much warning, whether its acute from a accident in which a trauma is issued on the eye, or if it is due to age and heredity. Glaucoma doesn 't discriminate, it is seen in all races and genders. It happens so slowly with age and heredity that you don 't even notice the loss of vision until it is too late, and with acute glaucoma it can be painful with pain that radiates over the face, a headache, nausea, vomiting and seeing colored halos around lights and even blurred vision can be a few symptoms (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Once you start seeing halos, and lose peripheral vision, it may be an indicator that irreversible damage to the optic nerve has happened. In this paper we will discuss the pathophysiology of glaucoma, the types of glaucoma as well as the causes for them. the issues that glaucoma can cause someone, and the treatments and interventions. We will also have a education handout to help better understand how to administer the medication, and the effects it has on the eye.

Subjects diagnosed with migraines (according to the criteria established) and non-migraine subjects (detailed questionnaire was given to control subjects to rule out any history of migraine) were recruited. Twenty-two patients with migraine and 20 age-matched control subjects were included. All migraine patients and 17 out of 20 control subjects were females. Visual acuity, refraction, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured in all subjects followed by an anterior segment slit lamp exam and a dilated fundoscopic exam. Stereo disc photographs and standard automated visual field tests (Humphrey Field Analyzer; Humphrey Instruments, Dublin, CA, USA) were obtained. Subjects with unreliable visual field tests were excluded. The photographic slides were projected onto a screen and the disc and cup diameters were measured horizontally and vertically with a ruler. The horizontal and vertical C/D ratios were calculated by dividing the cup by disc size. Using the Student’s t-test, patient demographics, IOP, visual field parameters, and optic disc parameters were compared. The correlation between visual field and disc parameters was tested by using Spearman’s rank correlation. A p value <0.05 was regarded statistically

The Optomap® Retinal Exam is used to get an ultra-widefield view of the back of the eye. While eye exams generally include a look at the front of the eye to evaluate health and prescription changes, a thorough screening of the retina is critical to verify that your eye is healthy. This can lead to early detection of common diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetes, macular degeneration, and even cancer. The exam is quick, painless, and may not require dilation drops. Dr. Rhodes and Dr. Zemanovich will educate you about the structures of your retina and interactively review and discuss the results of your exam. The optomap® photography provides a permanent record of the condition of your retina, which will allow the doctors to compare each year’s

In second grade, when I placed my glasses on my face for the very first time, I entered into a different realm of reality—a reality where I could see things for what they truly were. I was intrigued by the way my eye doctor was able to help me in maintaining a keen eyesight during each annual exam visit. Being able to see clearly is one of the most valuable assets to have when living in this world because not only does sight constitute the majority of our perception of things, it also allows us to form a closer connection with our surroundings. For this reason, I have chosen to become an optometrist and improve the vision of others so they, too, can truly see all the world has to offer.

Your optometrist examines your eyes in a number of ways during an exam. One method is the slit lamp test. This is where your eye is examined with a slit of bright light that allows the optometrist to see small sections of the front of your eye in an illuminated state. Abnormalities of your lens can be detected in this way. He or she will also use an ophthalmoscope to brighten and magnify the structures of your eye to check for indications of cataracts. In the case of very advanced cataracts, the cloudy lens is clearly visible without the use of instruments because the lens of the eye takes on a milky appearance.

In today’s society, a career in the field of ophthalmology is an extremely important one, just as it has been through the centuries. A specific field of ophthalmology is optometry. Optometry is the diagnosis of the eyes and the correction of basic vision without surgery. Without Optometry, the world would not be able to see, possibly causing more accidents in the work force . According to the Vision Council of America, approximately 75% of adults use some sort of vision correction. In addition ,an Optometrist’s mission is to correct eyesight whether it is farsighted or nearsighted. Optometrists also diagnose diseases which they then recommend patients to a specialists, although optometry has a high education level, lots of certification tests

Currently, the treatment option chosen was to fully correct any uncorrected refractive error, and then to prescribe a near add1,2. The full distance refraction was prescribed to eliminate her distance blur. At near, an add was prescribed as a supportive lens to relieve the accommodative demand placed on her visual system when undergoing near viewing2. It also decreases the extent of blur on the retina to a degree that it

Visual acuity is a screening procedure that is concentrated on the diagnosis of an illness and measures visual acuity. This procedure is often done by the medical assistant in a well-light area or room. “The medical assistant should observe the patient to look for any condition or behavior that could possibly indicate visual distance, such as tilting the head forward or to the side, excessive blinking or eyes watering, frowning or puckering the face, closing of one’s eyes when testing both of the eyes and signs of straining to see. Common devices used to measure distant vision is a Snellen chart. This chart will show the distance an individual can read the chart from. For an individual with reading troubles a chart with letter E’s arranged

Can you imagine having a diagnosis of being nearsighted when you are truly farsighted? Verbal and written information of patient’s diagnosis, how they can avoid worsening their condition or even help improve their condition, can be presented at this time. Once this process is complete, the optometrist may release the patient back to the optometry assistant or if the patient choses, the dispensary. Again, correct identification of the patient is still necessary to answer and provide any additional information to the patient. If the patient decides to patronize the dispensary, he may need training on how to install and care for contact lenses or how to care for glasses. Either way, both can be accomplished by demonstration, imitation, pamphlets, brochures, or instructional video.

The examination procedure is performed by the usage of the instrument which looks like a shining torch. Its role is to direct light rays towards the pupil in order to track pupil’s reaction. This device is called opthalmoscope.

This was a one-time optometric experience. I was able to gain first-hand knowledge and experience in the field of optometry by observing an optometrist work in a retail setting. I observed how pre-eye examinations are conducted using an autorefractor and non-contact tonometer (air puff test). An autorefractor determines the patient's initial prescription. A non-contact tonometer is a glaucoma test which measures the pressure inside of the eyes. I observed how visual acuity tests are performed to measure the eye's ability to see an in-focus image at a certain distance. I observed how refraction tests are conducted using a phoropter to measure an individual's refractive error and determine their eyeglass prescription. I observed how a slit lamp

The process of the diagnostic starts off by placing a corneal electrode behind the lower eyelid, lightly touching the cornea, and neutral electrodes implanted on the skin around the eye. Then a light glisten in the eye and the ERG records electrical changes in the retina. Also, there’s an exam for the retina that involves an indirect ophthalmoscope, an instrument that enables the doctor to examine the different portions of the eye through the dilated pupil. Additionally, there’s exam like the visual acuity, refraction, color testing, and peripheral vision testing that take part of a complete eye examination in a patient whose suspected of having a retinal

Occipital lobe is the portion of central nervous system, accountable for deciphering vision. Thus, any impairment to optic nerve can sternly affect central vision, peripheral vision and color vision of an individual. The functional aberration in any of the above major constituents might cause serious eye glitches; which if overlooked, might gradually result in vision loss. Thus, there are a number of eye conditions such as retinopathy or some forms of corneal sicknesses, which can be very upsetting for some of the patients; where as some of the other disorders can be so subtle that they can be routinely treated by an ophthalmologist.