Essay On Scaffolds

I think you chose a task that is very fitting for the scaffolding project and I agree with you that it involves all three domains of capabilities with an emphasis on the cognitive aspect. One thing I’d like to mention is that you need to make sure the child does not already know how to sort laundry yet because a 6 year old might already have mastered that.

The purpose of this experiment is to test how scientists can most efficiently complete organ printing. In this lab, the cells will be suspended in a substrate called sodium alginate-collagen, hydrogel, and other reactants. These materials will react to then embed the cells to their goal location. Then, the cells will be able to be fixated into layers. These layers will then come together and form tissues, which according to biological organization will form organs. The inkjet bioprinter allows for this to occur. Tiny ink droplets form a digital design for the organ printing, and in horizontal sheets, the organ is created tissue by tissue. This lab will test to see which percent concentration of the sodium alginate-collagen composite will prove to be most effective when organ printing. The dependent factor that will determine the conclusion will be the percent of efficiency of cell survival rate. Four trials will be completed in which the same organ is printed and all factors are kept constant, except for the percent concentration of the substrate.

Have you ever wondered how gelatin gets shape? This research paper is going to talk about additives that make the strongest gelatin. Terms that will be discussed in this paper include gelatin, molecule, collagen, and protein.

Its capability to generate its own gene response brings about persistant activation of collagen gene expression. TGFβ are present in the autocrine signaling system of fibroblasts, a type of cell which systhesizes collagen in order to build the frame work unit of tissues. The autocrine signaling system is the process in which the cell binds its own produced hormones and chemicals to activate a response or change within the cell. It is believed that if TGFβ in fibroblasts the increased collagen gene experession may drive the over production of collagen giving rise to

The rate of diffusion is inversely related to the thickness of the membrane, so this will decrease the rate at which gases can diffuse in the alveoli. As the fibrosis worsens, gases will eventually lose the capability to diffuse across the respiratory membrane because of the increased thickness (Hall, 2016, p. 523). In the lung tissue, the elasticity is determined by the collagen and elastic fibers within the lung parenchyma. Fibrotic tissue is increasing the collagen (scar) tissue in the lung (Hall, 2016, p. 499). Constricted lung diseases like fibrotic diseases keep the lungs from being able to expand to their normal capacity (Hall, 2016, p. 550). This will lead to a decreased compliance and a reduced normal

Promising materials for nanofibrous scaffolds include poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) in combination with gelatin because electrospun PCL closely resembles the ECM and gelatin is a natural biopolymer with biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Previous studies in the field of tissue engineering have focused on the biological properties and biocompatibility of NGCs, but little work has been done to study the biomechanical properties of NGCs and how they compare to native peripheral nerve tissue in vivo. This is an important area of study because the NGCs must be sufficiently elastic to avoid tension at the injury site, but cannot collapse due to the patient’s movements [7]. Designing NGCs with favorable mechanical properties is necessary for successful axonal growth and nerve regeneration. This research will provide a better understanding of the mechanical properties of peripheral nerve tissue and NGCs as well as develop a method to test the performance of NGCs in

In this assignment i will be describing Epithelial and connective tissues, the organs where they are found and their roles.

Previous experimental studies have suggested that absolute lung compliance increases with age [4, 11]. For example, Bozanich et al. [12], Sly et al. [13] and Kewu [8] observed that decreases in elastin containing fibers are associated with increases in lung compliance. It is likely that the effects of aging influence these two lung remodeling events differently. Also, the bulk modulus of the lung is a size-independent stiffness and is a function of the inherent physical properties of the tissue at a given lung volume. A more recent study reported that bulk modulus increased with age, approximately linearly [5, 14]. The literature review indicated that bulk modulus and shear modulus of human lungs increased with age at constant pressure. In other previous experimental studies of the aging human lung, it has been reported that the lung elastic recoil diminishes with age [4, 15, 16]. This decrease in lung elastic recoil can be inferred from variations in the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lung parenchyma. Additionally, a decrease in alveolar surface area [17, 18] is also associated with aging. In order to understand the mechanisms of aging, the properties of the small bronchioles and alveoli must be

2. Tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, in-vitro and in-vivo destruction rate (linear mice), changes in physicomechanical characteristics, degree of crystallinity, molecular weight in the course of destruction, and Also the dynamics of the tissue reaction for samples of polymer products (films, veins, fibers) based on synthesized

3D printing has come a long way since 1983, when Chuck Hull invented the first STL 3D printer.1 Commercial 3D printers can now be found in many homes and business around the world. Anyone can now create a design, and see that design turn into a physical object in a few hours. Due to their low cost compared to commercial machines, they are rising in popularity. They have many applications, especially in prototyping and design. They have been used to create cheap, customized prosthetics and surgical models for doctors to study before performing an operation. But how does 3D bioprinting work? Has there been any progress made in this field, and what are the

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Heart tissue engineering holds a great promise for future heart disease therapy by building personalized heart tissues. Generating a bioengineered heart requires engineering of cardiac architecture and appropriate cellular constituents. We decellularized rat hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix (collagen, glycosaminoglycan and elastin content and fibronectin, collagen type II and laminin proteins) and produced decellularized, perusable vascular architecture and competent decellularized valves. Regarding unique effect of bFGF in proliferation and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells

An FDA approved polymer that I believe can be used for soft tissue replacement is polycaprolactone, PCL. Polycaprolactone is a biodegradable polymer. Biodegradable polymers break down into natural byproducts after their purpose has been fulfilled. These byproducts include water, inorganic salts, etc. Often biodegradable polymers are used in the medical field bone and cartilage engineering.

Collagen is the predominant protein in animal bodies, constituting approximately 30% of the total protein (Birk & Bruckner, 2005; Unlua et al. 2014). It is an extracellular matrix protein that can either directly or indirectly interact with cells to alter cellular activity. At least 27 different types of collagen have been indentified, correspondingly named types I to XXVII (Birk & Bruckner, 2005).

One of the most complex processes that is being investigated in 3D printing is the printing of tissues themselves. It is the same process as printing all other objects, with the only difference being in the extremely complex materials and structures that need to be printed. The only tissue that can currently be printed is cartilage, being of the “simplicity” of the tissue; it is only a single stratified cell that is easily adapted and not nearly as complex as printing organs. The dumbed down version of how the tissue is printed is by creating a type of frame of biocompatible materials such as gelatin and thermoplastics, and adding a bio ink made of cartilage cells to the frame, which theoretically creates a cartilage that’s both strong and soft to most resemble real cartilage. The initial problem of creating an ink that is liquid at room temperature (to print) and solid while at body temperature was solved by a few groups of scientists. The perfect combination was a mixture of N-isopropyl acrylamide and hyaluron which is liquid at room temperature and solidifies when printed onto a surface heated to body temperature. (New Material Mixture for Bio printing Cartilage). The future of medicine lies in 3D printing, and it is knocking on the doors at this very moment.

Acidic collagen type I (CosmoBio) at 5 mg/mL concentration and pH 3 was used. Specified volumes of collagen solution were dispensed into plastic molds maintained at 4°C. In a closed chamber, ammonium hydroxide maintained at 25°C was allowed to interact with degassed collagen solution. Collagen was exposed to ammonia vapors in desiccation chamber at room temperature for 3 min, 30 min and 2 h. Collagen gels were then removed from ammonia chamber and incubated in 5°C vitrification chamber for 90 minutes, followed by a 30-minute incubation (gelation) at 37°C. Samples were vitrified in a 5°C vitrification chamber overnight followed by a 37 °C and 40% RH for 3 days. The biomaterials were then rehydrated in 20 mM HEPES for 24 hours.