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Essay On Sonnet Network

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SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) is first developed and deployed on North America. It transfers multiple digital bit streams and it is standardized multiplexing protocol. It works at physical layer (layer 1) that supports the high transmission rates (155 Mbps to 10 Gbps) needed in metro applications. SONET network speeds currently range from OC-1 (51.84 Mbps) to OC-192 (9953.28 Mbps). SONET serves as a backbone transport for other technologies such as ATM and Ethernet. Optical fiber signal Service providers have offered SONET services for some time. SONET networks benefits include high-speed network services that meet voice-transport requirements as well as survivability and availability needs. Also, it allows precise rapid failover …show more content…

SONET is a one kind of multiplexing way for different signals. Sometime, SONET describe a technology which is useful to carry signals in different capacities through flexible and optical hierarchy.

Make an integrated summary (~350 Words) of SDH (12 points)

Answer: SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy) is developed later (means SONET developed first) and deployed on rest of the world except North America. Today, SDH and SONET are used widely and SDH is greater worldwide market penetration than SONET. SONET and SDH have same qualities as, they communicate through circuit mode from different sources. SDH signals transmitted via satellite paths or sometimes via radio link and its transmitted quickly when mobile network is on. The SDH standard uses the synchronous transport module (STM) frame format. It transfers multiple digital bit streams and it is standardized multiplexing protocol. It works at physical layer. With a few exceptions, we can say that SDH can be a superset of SONET. The ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) was clarified The SDH standard and is formalized as ITU (International Telecommunications Union) standards G.707, G.783, G.784, and G.803. It is one of the TDM (Time division multiplexing) technologies. TDM employs a single wavelength across a fiber. Data is divided into channels so that multiple channels can travel across a single fiber.

The time is taken by the STM-1 frame for

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