Essay On Sreptocomanoccus Algalactiae

Humans are a natural reservoir for S. aureus, and asymptomatic colonization is far more common than infection. Young children tend to have higher colonization rates, probably because of their frequent contact with respiratory secretions.

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections, it can cause serious infections such as bloodstream infection, pneumonia or bone infections. Though it can cause infections it is part of the normal human flora it is mostly found on the skin or in nasal cavities. It is a facultative anaerobic gram positive cocci, it is usually in pairs or clusters. The bacterium is also catalase positive, oxidase

P. aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium that thrives in moist environmental reservoirs such as in the soil, water and plants8, 9. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that infects immunocompromised individuals, lending to its association with life-threatening illnesses10. In addition to pulmonary infections in CF patients, P. aeruginosa is frequently found in nosocomial infections11. As such, P. aeruginosa is recognized for its medical importance in clinical infections.

If a pregnant woman catches scarlet fever her baby is not at a high risk. If the woman is near her due date, then the infection would start causing problems and they would need to go see their healthcare provider. Once the infection is gone, the person is now immune to the toxins produced from the streptococcal bacteria. Children under two years of age have an immunity to it due to their mothers. The treatment of scarlet fever is very important because it accelerates the healing process and reduces any chances of complications that may occur. “Unlike other childhood diseases, vaccination has not played a role in reducing its toll. The microbe itself may have mutated into a milder pathogen, or improvements in hygiene may have contributed” (Lerner). Serious cases of scarlet fever are rarely seen in modern times, but it is because the bacteria itself metamorphosed into something more maintainable. In the nineteenth century, scarlet fever pandemics happened often and medicine to treat it was limited.

This particular bacterium is not one that inhabits a specific geographical region as it colonizes within the human body. The disease is

Cross-contamination of newborns must be prevented because they are at risk for infection during their first couple months of life. Their immune system is immature. In the nursery, individual bassinets are provided that have a thermometer, diapers, t-shirts, and bathing supplies for that bassinet. All persons who care for the newborn should scrub first with a microbial soap prior to entering the

The pathogen in the NPR story was called Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is a Gram-negative coccobacilli, relatively small, (0.5-0.8/ 1-2um), does not form spores, and is easily fixed. ("Klebsiella Pneumoniae Morphology") This pathogen is arranged either singly or in pairs and clusters, and can be cultivated on ordinary media. On agar media, the bacteria forms grayish-white colonies which

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae is an important Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that cause a wide variety of clinical infections, ranging from septicemia to meningitis. The reported lethality of severe S. agalactiae infections is ranging from 4 to 6% in the United States. Of note, it has been suggested that the incidence of neonatal disease is considerably greater than reported, because the requirement for positive cultures from blood or cerebrospinal fluid may underestimates the true burden of disease. Therefore, in this review I focused on virulence factors of S. agalactiae in order to elucidate aspects of the infection.

The first simulation began with a head to toe assessment of an antepartum mother. All of her vitals and labs came back normal. However, she did test positive for group B strep and had not been treated with penicillin yet. The nurse proceeded to administer at least two doses of the penicillin before delivery of the fetus. It was given every four hours during the labor process until delivery to protect the fetus from exposure to the group B strep. Everything went smoothly and the fetus was deemed protected throughout the labor process and during delivery.

Mothers who test positive and are at high risk for GBS infection will be given IV antibiotics to reduce their babies' chances of developing the infection after birth.

Medicines may be prescribed that are safe for a mother and her unborn baby. The medicine can help reduce symptoms or prevent another outbreak of the infection. If the infection happened before you became pregnant, medicine may be prescribed in the last 4 weeks of the pregnancy. This can help prevent a breakout of the infection at the time of delivery.

Since people with a GBS infection are typically asymptomatic, this type of bacteria doesn’t typically harm them. However, during pregnancy, mothers with group b strep may develop other infections such as a urinary tract infection, an infection of the amniotic fluid or an infection of the lining of the uterus. If the infant swallows the infected amniotic fluid during labor, they are at risk for developing a more life-threatening disease. Common complications for newborns include meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis. Meningitis is an infection of the brain and spinal cord. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs causing respiratory distress. Sepsis is an infection of the blood that spreads throughout the body. The Center for disease control classifies Group B Streptococcus as the, “leading cause of meningitis, and sepsis, in a newborn’s first week of life” (Center for disease control, 2016). An infant who tests positive for any of these infections will be closely monitored in the intensive care unit for neonates. Since these complications are life-threatening, early detection can be the best defense in saving an infant’s life.

Bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E.coli), Listeria, certain strains of Streptococcus and even the Herpes virus can all lead to the infection; the infant gets the infection while in the uterus, or during birth. Other factors that can increase the baby’s risk are the mother being infected with Group B Strep while pregnant, a preterm delivery, rupture of the amniotic sac at least 24 hours prior to the birth, and placental or amniotic fluid infection.

After the bacteria are first taken into the body, there is an incubation period of between one and five days. During incubation the bacteria are very capable of infected others without the host having any knowledge of an infection. This is important in the spread of Strep. infections, which will often occur through contact between children while at school. It is no mistake that the

Description of non-pathogen: Streptococcus thermophilus is a gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, cocci bacterium typically found in pairs or chains (2). It is catalase, oxidase, and cytochrome-negative, is unable to form spores, and does not display motility (1). As its name suggests, Streptococcus thermophilus is a thermophile that can grow at temperatures between 35° C and 42° C, but thrives at the top of that range (8). Streptococcus thermophilus is primarily used as a starter culture for a variety of fermented dairy foods, including yogurt and cheese, and is also found in the digestive tract of humans (1). Streptococcus thermophilus is not pathogenic to humans and is commonly taken in supplement form as a probiotic to relieve various symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders like lactose intolerance (1). Streptococcus thermophilus is a facultative anaerobe and is classified as a lactic acid bacterium, meaning that lactic acid is the primary metabolic product of fermentation (1,7). It uses a lactose transporter called LacS that employs a proton gradient to amass galactoside within the bacterial cell (7). This collection of galactose allows for the exchange of lactose for galactose, and the released lactose is leveraged to create energy (7). Streptococcus thermophilus also contains a proteolytic component that is composed of oligopeptidase and aminopeptidase PepS, both of which are essential to proper bacterial function and