Essay On Systemic Enteric Fever

Salmonella is a bacterial disease that occurs in the intestines, the signs and symptoms can be; fever, or other illnesses such as diarrhea and abdominal cramps. People typically get salmonella from contaminated foods, which seems to occur frequently from poultry and eggs (Nordqvist, 2016). This is just a basic look at salmonella though, next we need to look at the epidemiologic triad (host, agent, and environment) and see how each plays a role in a salmonella outbreak.

Also, an estimated 4 million cases and over 100,000 deaths occur each year due to this bacteria. Because the intestines are the site in which fluid is absorbed from food, unfortunately for people suffering from the bacteria, the intestines overdo their job and one suffers from diarrhea. Diarrhea is a homeostatic imbalance, in which stools are “watery” (Hoehn, 892).

Norovirus and Salmonella are the two most common pathogens, resulting in the most hospitalizations and deaths. Norovirus is a pathogen that infects the stomach and intestines by causing inflammation. Symptoms of norovirus include; nausea/vomiting, diarrhea and stomach pain leading to dehydration causing one to urinate more frequently and feel dizzy while standing up. In order to avoid contracting the Norovirus, the CDC recommends thoroughly washing fruits, vegetables and cooking seafood to appropriate temperatures, which can survive up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/preventing-infection.html). Salmonella affects the gastrointestinal tract when bacteria is swallowed, mainly coming from raw food products; eggs,

The best laboratory test to perform will be an antigen test that will be collected from the duodenal fluid, a microscopic examination of a stool sample that will be collected from Amy and a xTAG GPP Gastrointestinal pathogen panel test, will be tested to better determine what is causing Amy’s discomfort. When testing the stool, we are looking for the presence of any oval cysts and other abnormalities that may be the cause of Amy’s intestinal discomfort (Bauman, R. W., & Machunis-Masuoka, E, 2009). As well as testing the stool sample the laboratory will be testing the duodenal fluid and will be looking to find protein in the fluid and what that specific protein is found will help determine what is bothering the patient Amy Ford (Antigen Tests for Giardiasis, n.d.). However, when testing with a xTAG GPP Gastrointestinal pathogen panel test, the lab technicians are performing a nucleic acid test that detects the presence of specific DNA (Bauman, R. W., & Machunis-Masuoka, E. 2009). Depending on the lab technicians finding will determine what the doctor thinks that patient Amy Ford needs to do to feel

Typhoid fever is a dangerous bacterial infection. The only source of the causative agent of typhoid fever is a person sick or carrier. You can get typhoid fever if you eat food or drink water that have been handled by a person who is shedding Salmonella Typhi or if sewage contaminated with Salmonella Typhi bacteria gets into the water you use to drink or washing fruit. The danger of the patient varies through the disease and this explains of the features of the typhoid fever. Infected often spread pathogen into the environment within fourteen days,

pylori in a common infection, the host undergoes a period of rapid bacterial duplication and subsequent inflammation following colonization of the viscous mucus layer of the stomach. The penetration of the layer is assisted by the bacteria’s flagella and spiral morphology. The low oxygen level and neutral pH of the mucus act as a prime environment for the microaerophilic H. pylori. (Kusters, 2006) Preferably a lumenal pathogen, host cells are rarely invaded by the microbial. Associated with the inflammation is hypochlorhydria that can persist for months, during which the pathogen is released through fecal shedding in large amounts. After at least a few weeks, an immune response develops but it is not very effective in removing H. pylori. Eventually the inflammation subsides to a stable state and the infection becomes asymptomatic but may persist for decades. (Blaser,

As of March 2015, about 27.65 million people were employed on a part-time basis. While the number of full time employees have improved since its peak during the 2008 recession, limited opportunities for full-employment severely diminish the amount of protection available to part-time employees. As a result, too many workers do not have paid sick leave for their own health needs and to care for their families. Co-workers and employers also suffer when workers show up sick at the office, as contagion reduces productivity and increases absence. In a market-based economy like ours where most safety net programs are integrated with employment, a good

Experts were called in to find the source and they knew it was caused by food or drink

The disease, cholera, is an infection of the intestines, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. As stated in Microbes and Infections of the Gut, the bacterium is “a Gram-negative, comma- shaped, highly motile organism with a single terminal flagellum” (105). Cholera is characterized by the most significant symptom that presents with the disease, diarrhea, and victims can lose up to twenty liters of body fluids in a day. Cholera can be a serious disease, due to the serious dehydration that can occur, but it is only fatal if treatment is not administered as soon as possible. This research paper includes information on the causes of cholera, symptoms, ways of treatment, studies of treatments, complications that may occur, the

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If the immune system is unable to stop the infection, the bacterium will multiply and then spread to the bloodstream, after which the first signs of disease are observed in the form of fever. The bacterium penetrates further into the bone marrow, liver, and bile ducts, from which bacteria are excreted into the bowel movements. (Easmon 2003)

While going through Typhoid Fever one will experience symptoms such as headaches and nausea. One will have great abdominal pain and have diarrhea, as well as high fevers, and become exhausted. Some treatments include antibiotic treatments. Fo adults, the best antibiotic would be Ciprofloxacin, and for young children, Ceftriaxone. Is this infectious disease bacterial or viral? Typhoid Fever is a bacterial disease also known as Salmonella

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) typhoid fever affects 21.5 million people in developing countries as opposed to 5,700 annual cases in the U.S., mainly acquired from Americans who traveled internationally and had failed to receive the proper immunizations (CDC, 2013). Historically the only known host for Salmonella typhi has been humans and a small fraction of people like Typhoid Mary can recover from the disease and still carry the bacterium. Common symptoms of typhoid include a fever as high as 103˚-104˚ F, stomach pains, weakness, and in some cases patients may even develop a rash. Upon infection bacteria will adhere to tissue along the gastrointestinal tract and take refuge in macrophage cells, which together will travel the body through the lymphatic system. Some bacteria continue their journey through bodily organs like the liver and spleen; while others may choice to free themselves from their macrophage hosts and enter the bloodstream allowing a few to even invade the gall bladder. Eventually some of the bacteria are excreted into the stool of an infected person; typically a diagnosis for typhoid fever is affirmed by testing said person’s excrement for Salmonella typhi. In underdeveloped countries transmission of the disease is primarily ensued through the fecal-oral route. Particularly endemic areas suffer from the consumption of feces-contaminated water and food, which reside geographically along lines of poverty known for their poor water infrastructure and sanitation practices (Walsh, 2011). Although conditions of these endemic hot spots have overwhelmed natives, lessons in sanitation and personal hygiene have slightly mitigated incidence in these areas. Since typhoid fever is only transmitted between humans the key control measures

The disease is characterized by a continued, high inflammation of the intestine, formation of intestinal ulcers, haemorrhage and enlargement of spleen can occur, Payer’s patches or fiat patches of lymphatic tissues situated in the small intestine but mainly in the ileum are the seat of infection in typhoid fever. The patient may complain of diarrhoea or constipation and severe stomach ache. Abdominal absorption of nutrients is decreased and the patient may feel headache and anorexia.

With so much advertising for various antibacterial products, many people have gotten the impression that all bacteria are harmful and that maybe the Earth would be better off if all bacteria were eliminated. What would life be like in a bacteria-free world? Bacteria help decay materials and put vitamins and minerals, and gases into the atmosphere. Without them the world would be able to produce little food. Bacteria are woven into the food chain. Without them, nutrients would not be recycled in soils as efficiently as they are. Our own digestion of food would not work so well without bacteria that lives in our stomach. Without bacteria, there would be no life on this