Essay On The Density Of Pennies

To begin with, pennies aren't the only coins that cost too much to make. According to Jeff Sommer, who wrote the article “Penny Wise,or 2.4 Cents foolish?” he states “Each

The hypothesis is rejected as the density of the pennies did not remain constant. The results show a 8% failure rate. This failure could be due to the makeup of the pennies. “In 1982, the mint introduced a penny that is 97.6% zinc and only 2.4% copper with a density of 7.2 g/mL. By comparison, the old pre-1982 copper pennies were 95% copper and 5% zinc with a density of 8.8 g/mL” (Bularzik, 2007). This is a 22% difference in density between the pre-1982 pennies and pennies made after that year. A source of error could be that pennies from this experiment were made during different years and therefore had different metal percentages.

There are several sources of error to this experiment due to random and systematic errors. The only source of random error was the measurement that we took through the graduated cylinder which was only accurate to the nearest 1%. We took the largest error from this one percent, which was +/- 3. The largest relative error this yielded was only 3%, so this did not affect how precise this experiment was too much. We can still make this more precise by making the masses of the water larger. For example if we started the masses at 300mL and went up by 50mL, the largest error this would yield would be 2% due to the largest error being +/- 5. This would cause smaller errors in the amount of water.

Plautus once said “You have to spend money to make money,” a quote made painfully true by the penny, a coin worth 1/100th of a dollar. The penny’s story starts in 1792 with the first U.S. Mint which produced the dime, quarter, nickel, penny and half penny which we will get back to later. Pennies were originally made of 100% copper, however, as prices of copper rose they soon started to make pennies out of 95% zinc and 3% copper, which is how they are made today. Soon after this, the raw material of pennies began to cost more than the penny itself was worth, therefore people began to melt them down and sell the material for profit. When this occurred, instead of the government getting rid of the pennies all together and being happy citizens where removing them from circulation they made melting the currency down illegal and continued producing 4 billion pennies a year! You can find these tiny useless coins anywhere from in your couch cushion to on the sidewalk. The reason we should stop minting pennies is that they cost money, waste time, are bad for the environment, and they are useless.

The first error that might have occurred was that the water and vinegar might have been covering the entire penny and the penny might not have been exposed to enough air. If the penny was not exposed to enough air, then the penny could have reacted differently toward the experiment. The paper towels were dry towards the end of the experiment and more water and vinegar was not added to the cups. This could have affected the way the penny was affected. With more water and vinegar, the pennies may have gotten more green or may have has a stronger reaction. At the end of the experiment, the pennies were taken out of the cups and placed a new paper towel. The towel was then labeled with sharpies and left to sit there for a day. The different chemicals in the sharpies could have affected the way the penny reacted. Since the sharpie marker was so close to the pennies, they could have easily been affected. Another experiment that people may want to do next is to the same experiment, but with different liquids. Instead of the vinegar being white vinegar, maybe one could try the experiment with a different type of vinegar, like apple cider vinegar. Apple cider vinegar has different ingredients and could be affected differently and have very different results. To conclude, there were many possible errors during this experiment and many scientific reasons on why the pennies reacted the way they

Everybody in America has once had that shiny, copper, small penny jingling in their pockets. The smallest denomination in the U.S. worth only one cent, has been a part of this country for hundreds of years. This coinage has brought a significant effect on our strong American economy. But a problem has been brought up within the last couple decades on whether or not the penny shall be abolished or not. The penny has historical importance and is appreciated more than people believe pennies to be

In source 2, shelton states,”each of us waste 2.4 hours per year with gubby little discs. Pennies are costing each of use nearly $50 a year given the average wage per hour.” This states that we only use pennies 2.4 hours per year with pennies. This also show that penneys are costing everybody $50 a year, and yet again we only use them 2.5 hours out of 365 days. In source 1, fund states,” Because the penny costs more than a cent to produce, the Treasury loses more than $100 million per year on the coin's production.” This states that they pennies cost more cents to produce them. It also shows that pennies cost the treasury more than 100 million dollars every year to produce coins. You can see by this that making pennies waste taxpayers

In this lab, we will determine the percent composition of a modern (post-1982) penny by using a strong acid to react and dissolve the zinc core, leaving only the copper coating. Once only copper remains, we will compare its mass to the entire mass of the penny to determine how much of a penny is copper and how much is zinc.

Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America, Is about a woman, a journalist who goes undercover to witness the Welfare Program the government provides for the poor and people in need. Ehrenreich is white and middle class. She claims that her experience would have been radically different had she been a person of color or a single parent. Ehrenreich had not much to worry about other than finding a job and a somewhat comfortable living space. If she had not been white , her experience would have been drastically different in my opinion. With little money, during this time period things were still not too expensive but not too affordable for some people.

The government should stop making pennies. They do no good for us. Pennies cost more to make then they are worth. In source one “The taxpayers lost 60.2 million on the production and distribution of pennies in 2011.” In these days can we afford to lose money making money? Also the production of pennies can add up. In source one “Each zinc and copper costs 2.41 cents to produce and distribute.” The making of pennies doesn't help the

Pennies are considered useless in today's society. You really cannot buy much these days with pennies. However, you can actually use pennies to make some really cool crafts. The first thing that you will need to do is clean the pennies. You will need to soak the pennies in a white vinegar and salt. This will help old pennies look like they are brand new.

It might be a surprise to many Americans that their are 1.65 trillion worthless pennies in circulation. That means that there are more than 10 billion dollars worth of pennies floating around in the United States. Unfortunately, not only are pennies still being produced, but this production also costs more than the pennies are worth and harms the environment. Pennies should be eliminated.

less than they need to live on" ( 270.) A good percent of high school graduates move right on to college. They graduate college and then they usually move on to make a good amount of money to live a satisfying life. However, college is not made for everyone, and what would our world be with only professionals? I agree with Ehrenreich that the minimum wage is too low because, while people with open opportunities earn a better future for their families, many like my own, are fighting to get through on a daily basis due to our economy.

Kornell Arias Student ID: 22441301 38 Beacon Bay San Antonio TX, 78239 Coins Collector I have a particular hobby that some people think is unusual: I collect coins. It can be view as a weird hobby. I thought it was all my strange life. When I saw people walking in the park with a metal detector looking for coins, I contemplated internally. "For what reason would anybody squander their opportunity doing something that boring?” I had also heard that people could ridiculously spend millions of dollars on one coin.

Have you ever wondered how US coins are made. I am writing this because in my shop class I had to choose a topic of something that is mass produced so I choose coins.In this paper I am going to tell you Some history of coins and how they are made and what they are made out of.