Essay On Tuberculosis

Complicating the issue of TB’s global spread, is the disease’s mutation into multi-drug resistant strains. The evolution of the bacteria is due to improper or incomplete treatment regimens. Due to TB’s ability to manifest itself in latent and active forms, there are two main sets of treatment options. Both must be strictly adhered to or the patient runs the risk of further infection and death. In terms of treating latent tuberculosis the goal is prevention and elimination. According to the Centers for Disease Control, there are four standard regimens for treating latent tuberculosis. The first is a nine-month regimen of Isoniazid taken either once daily or twice a week. The second is a shorter regiment, six months, of Isoniazid with a smaller dose, yet also taken once daily or twice a week. The third regimen lasts three months and is a combination of Isoniazid and Rifapentine taken once a week. The fourth regiment lasts four months and is completed through daily doses of Rifampin (CDC, 2012).

Tuberculosis is a deadly disease that is now affecting our world and the people living in it in a horrible way. Due to many factors such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, and lack of health care, many third world and developing countries have been left very vulnerable to tuberculosis. It is affecting a large part of these countries and is leading them deeper into poverty and sickness. The effort to help these countries against tuberculosis has only been slightly effective against this widespread and destructive disease.

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

They are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol that are all consumed together and on a daily basis to kill tuberculosis that resides in the infected person's lungs for 2 months. After 2 months most of the tuberculosis has died and can’t be detected under a microscope. The infected person after the 2 months phases must take isoniazid and rifampicin daily for 4 months. This 6 months course is standard for the western approach. But if they failed to take these medicines daily, they will have to change courses and different medicines because tuberculosis may become resistant to the regular anti-tuberculosis drug that the patient failed to consume daily. This medicine against the drug-resistant tuberculosis is called fluoroquinolone and this treatment could last two years of continuous

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2014, 9.6 million Americans were infected with the Tuberculosis (TB) disease. Over the years many programs and initiatives have been implemented to decrease the occurrences of TB disease in America. As long individuals are educated on the prevention of tuberculosis fatal complications can be prevented through early treatment. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the description of Tuberculosis and the demographic of interest, determinants of health and how determinants contribute to the development of Tuberculosis, epidemiologic triangle, role of the community health nurse, and the World Health Organization that works to address

Tuberculosis was the most widespread public concern in the 19th and early 20th centuries as an endemic disease .According to World Health Organization Tuberculosis is infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. 24th March is celebrated as the world TB day to make the entire world. TB was diagnosed in modern medicine at the beginning of 19th century after the identification of mycobacterium by Robert Koch. But our Indian Systems of Medicine started treating this disease from 5000 BC by use of herbal drugs. TB was diagnosed in Ayurveda and Siddha systems of

Ideally the treatment begins before the active disease has developed. The common treatment for tuberculosis is antimicrobial drug isoniazid, but other people who are infected usual will use a combination of different antituberculosis drugs. Bedaquiline is a drug used to treat multi-drug resistance and extensively drug-resistant TB. In 2012 an estimated 1.3 million died from the

Infectious diseases are one of the most challenging adversities that the human race faces. Diseases that once wiped out large populations are now well understood, preventative measures can be taken, and effective treatment methods provided. However, as science has evolved so have the infectious diseases that are seen. An example of an infectious disease that has been studied and continues to be seen today is Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis has been a health hazard for many centuries and was once an epidemic. Medical advances and studies have been able to enlighten not only the etiology, but also the mode of transmission, ways to diagnose, and ways to treat and/or manage infection.

A series of drugs are taken. The FDA has ten drugs that are certified to treat the disease. Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide are just a few of the ten. For most cases the medication is only needed for 6-9 months. Taking the medication exactly as prescribed is extremely critical. IF not taken correctly the disease might stay active and treatment will have to start again. But a form of drug resistant TB is swirling through the atmosphere.

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered to be a leading cause of infectious lung disease, and considered the foremost cause of death due to a single microorganism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). According to the latest WHO report, there were around 9.6 million new TB cases emerging and 1.5 million deaths caused by TB in 2014. Furthermore, the number of cases with latent TB, who are asymptomatically infected by MTB, was estimated to include one third of the world population, which corresponds to more than two billion individuals. (1) The disease is further complicated with the development of drug resistance and co-infection, which sets a huge obstacle for TB treatment.

TB has been taunting not only humans, but also animals for well over thousands of years. Within these years, a great deal of research and experiments have been conducted on this infectious disease. Many scientists have conducted this research and have made profound discoveries about Tuberculosis. This paper will explore not just Tuberculosis ' history but rather key information and important facts about this disease. Such information includes the discovery of antibiotics and medications produced through the years that are used to help cure the disease.

With approximately 1.5 million tuberculosis (TB) cases China would have the second highest affliction after India. This would cause the GDD Program to incorporate TB into its mission in China. The goal was to provide strategic technical assistance and training for TB control including viable research on drug rebellious TB. China also needed to work on controlling the infection and strengthening their laboratory.

This paper contains information about the communicable disease known as tuberculosis. The “American Heritage Dictionary” defines tuberculosis as a disease of men and animals caused by microorganism that manifests itself in lesions of the lung, bones, and other parts of the body. (American Heritage Dictionary: pg. 1301). This paper contains a summary of the history of the disease, the cause of the disease, ways to prevent the disease, and the medication and treatment for the disease. This disease has been around for a long time and there is still no cure for it only treatments.

Tuberculosis is among the fatal diseases that are spread through the air. It’s contagious, meaning that it spreads from one infected individual to another, and at times it spreads very fast. In addition to being contagious, the disease is an opportunist infection as it takes advantage of those with weak defense mechanism, and especially the ones with terminal diseases like HIV and AIDS. Tuberculosis is therefore among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature (World Health Organization 1).

India, the second most populous country with over 1.31 billion people, has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, accounting for 20% of the global incidence of TB, and an even higher share of global incidence of multi–drug resistant (MDR) TB. With an estimated 2 million new cases of TB and 5, 00,000 TB-related deaths in India annually, those who got diagnosed with different forms of DR-TB were 35,385 cases but only 20,753 people started on multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) treatment in 2013. The National Tuberculosis Program was launched in 1962, but suffered heavily continuing TB led mortality. Acknowledging this reality, a Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) was launched by the Government of India in 1997, however even today it does not comply with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.