Essay On Ultrasound

The report notes that a separate procedure was done to take cytologic brush washings which is coded as a separate procedure with 31622 and adding a -59 modifier.

Masson devotes a more emotional appeal throughout the article, rather than offering confirmation to display that mammograms are not beneficial. She expresses reflection to show the reader her perspective and even contradicts herself in one aspect stating “If I should happen to discover a lump in my breast, I’ll have it evaluated. I’m not opposed to having a diagnostic mammogram” (Masson, 2010). This statement shows weakness within her argument and recognizes that there is potential in mammogram screening. Although relying on mammography is not the only primary diagnostic tool, it can however assist in the initial diagnostic process.

Having any of the symptoms in the breast should result in seeing a doctor to fully understand what is going on, and why it is happening.

Response to the chest self-exam: Overall, no abnormalities are found. There is not any swelling, dimpling of skin, or changes in the nipple during the chest self-exam, except the erect of the nipples. The color of mammary areola is a little bit darker than other part of the skin. I feel that the sensitivity is the same around the chest area for me. Although the book says that men and women have same sensitivity in this area and it is the primary area for sexual arouse, I feel not arouse even with erect nipples. I am surprised that man’s nipples can also become erection under the

In women, cancer can also develop in the glands that produce milk” (see Appendix A). Most breast cancer is unnoticeable in the early stages because it does not cause the person pain. “As the cancer progresses, signs and symptoms can include a lump or thickening in or near the breast; a change in the size or shape of the breast; nipple discharge, tenderness, or retraction (turning inward); and skin irritation or dimpling” (the U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2015). “Sometimes breast cancer can spread to lymph nodes under the arm or around the collar bone, even before the original tumor in the breast tissue is large enough to be felt ” (American Cancer Society, 2015). If the cancer is untreated it often spreads to other areas of the body and becomes more aggressive.

The term fibrocystic breast disease is used to describe the benign condition that may have caused Ms. Barker's breast mass. Whether a mass is solid or cystic, a benign mass is usually three-dimensional, mobile and smooth. Borders to the mass are not irregular (Sharma, Dave, Sanadya, Sharma & Sharma, 2010). Ms. Barker has lobular hyperplasia. Furthermore, abnormal cells can increase complexity when they grow inside the lobules of the the breast but do not spread or metastasize (McCance & Huether, 2014). This condition is known as lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Although LCIS is not invasive cancer, it increases the risk of getting invasive breast cancer in either breast (Types of breast cancers, 2016). Often around menses women develop fibrocystic breasts. There are often lumps noted that quickly disappear with menses, however in lobular fibrocystic breast disease lumps are found in the milk producing glands. Breast cysts are common with approximately over 1/3 of the women 35-50 having cysts (Breast lumps, 2016).

One in a million diagnosis of secretory breast carcinoma and never in a patient this young

Three-quarters of all breast cancer patients are not in any of the groups considered at increased risk for breast cancer, indicating that not all risk factors are understood. As a result, doctors recommend that every woman should familiarize herself with the techniques for monthly breast self-examination. X-ray examination of the breasts, a technique called mammography, can detect tumors before they are large enough to be felt and increase the odds for successful treatment. The American Cancer Society recommends that women over age 40

Ultrasound BIRADS 3 lesions are difficult to manage because of their uncertain nature. Although they are likely to be benign, there is still a low possibility of malignancy. And thus they require short-term follow up. This not only puts a strain on resources, but also increases the patient's anxiety (122).

The results came in confirming a malignant tumor in my mother’s breast, and I knew her hopes had been crushed, but she remained strong. After the surgery, another biopsy established that the cancer was found on the outside of her tumor and also in her lymph nodes, so it was very possible that it could spread. She would need to get a mastectomy.

Biopsy is a tissue removal which is looking for cancerous cells. There are several different types of biopsies, but is the true way to tell if these cells in the breast are cancerous. These different types of biopsies are fine-needle aspiration, core biopsy, skin biopsy or surgical biopsy. After the tissue is removed then they can send it to the lab to determine if a person has cancer or not (National Cancer Institute). The lump will then be considered either benign or malignant. Benign is good meaning no cancer present, but malignant means that there is cancer present in the tumor. After determining that a person has breast cancer it must then be staged.

Results: Mean age of women ws32years; (range, 22-40 years). The most common presenting symptoms were a breast mass in 183(89%) patients,axillary adenopathy was noted in28(13.5%) ,others were Pain, erythema and abscess in 24 ( 12%) of women. Right side in128( 62%) , left side 78(38%)and bilaterally in 4% )pATIENTS. PREGNANCS in two (0 97%)women. . Thirty eight (18%) of patients undergone incision and drainage with diagnosis of breast infection or abceses and taking antibiotics before diagnosis of (GM). Ultrasound examination before and after drainage in this patients showed, A large irregular hypoechoic mass in 118 (57%), A lobulated or irregular mass was seen in women68 (33%). adenopathy in 28(13.5%) woman and Skin thinking in 20(10%).Mammographic findings shows irregular mass in120 (58%) patients , asymmetric density in 62 (30%)

In this case, the surgical aim was for 2cm margins. Adequate margins were achieved except for a medial margin of 5.9mm. Final histology confirmed DFSP. Further discussion in multidisciplinary team and with the patient came to a decision to continue with close observation alone, rather than re-excision. This is predicated on the slow growth pattern of DFSP and its tendency to metastasize only very rarely.

Seroma represents the most common complication of breast cancer surgery the etiology of which remains obscure. Many surgeons view seromas as a necessary event rather than a serious complication (1). Its incidence is thought to be somewhere between 25% - 60% for mastectomy and axillary clearance (2), but has been reported as high as 85% depending on its definition and the techniques employed to detect them (3).

Table 1: ACR BI-RADS® Atlas 5 Edition Changes.20 Comparison of BIRADS 4th and 5th edition breast density categories.