Essay On Wireless Sensor Network

More specifically, a sensor is "a device that responds to phenomena, such as light, pressure, or heat, and generates a signal that can be measured or interpreted" [16]. The sensor network community often defines a sensor node as a wireless device which is small, capable of responding to one or several stimuli, processing the data and transmitting the information over a short distance using a radio link. Sensor nodes contain electronic circuits for minimizing power consumption [17]. Sensors are for measuring sound, light and temperature that is typically thought. However, sensors can measure other variables, such as vibrations or electromagnetic fields [18]. Sensor transmits values wirelessly to one or several BSs

Wireless data has become the technology of the future. Data is being passed from one location to another without the human eye detecting this transaction. Wireless data is transferred in many forms from home networks, business networks, and cellular networks. Each of these networks operates on a different scale and technology.

Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol (TEEN) [31] was the first protocol that was developed for reactive networks. In this protocol, at every cluster change time, in addition to the attributes, the cluster-head broadcasts to its members. It uses two thresholds namely hard and soft thresholds. The hard threshold is a threshold value for the sensed attribute, it is the absolute value of the attribute beyond which, the node senses this value must switch on its transmitter and report to its cluster head. The soft threshold is a minute change in the value of the sensed attribute that triggers the node to switch on its transmitter and transmit. The nodes sense their environment continuously. The first time a parameter from the attribute set reaches its hard threshold value, the node switches on its transmitter and sends the sensed data. The sensed value is stored in an internal variable in the node, known as the sensed value. The nodes will next transmit data in the current cluster period, only when both the following conditions are

Thus, all wireless links between sensors and the M-collector at the candidate polling points are bidirectionally tested. In addition, each sensor can also discover its one-hop neighbors by broadcasting the “Hello” messages during the neighbor discovering phase. After the sensor reports the IDs of its one-hop neighbors to the M-collector by including the information into the “ACK” message, the position of the sensor can also become a candidate polling point. In Fig. 1, we illustrate the definition of polling points, neighbor set, and candidate polling point set by an example, where there are four sensors s1, s2, s3, and s4 deployed at positions l1, l2, l3, and l4, respectively. During the exploration phase, the M-collector discovers the neighbor sets of l5 and l6 by broadcasting “Hello” messages at these points. Thus, l5 and l6 can be added into the candidate polling point set. Since sensors s1, s2, s3, and s4 also report their one-hop neighbors to the M-collector by sending “ACK” to the M-collector, l1, l2, l3, and l4 also become candi-date polling points. In Fig. 1, if there is a wireless link between sensor si and position lj , we say that si belongs to the neighbor set of lj , where si ∈ {s1, s2, s3, s4} and lj ∈ {l1, l2, . . . , l6}. Thus, candidate polling point set L = {l1, l2, . . . , l6}; neighbor sets of

CNBD analyzed the aggregated data to the sink by the transfer time from end to end to obtain a higher battery power of each node [83]. Guo and et. al. have suggested a Faulty Node Detection (FIND) to WSN. FIND is a method for nodes with data errors capturing a centralized approach, without specific recognition model taking into account. It is measured to measure the signal attenuation distance [84]. Saihi and et al. used to create a centralized error detection method based on clustering approach, the exchange of messages heartbeat actionable scalable and balanced applications for WSN [85]. In April 2016, Tahir and et al. evaluated a nominal power consumption in wireless sensor networks through a system through which a small number of high energy nodes collect both location information and the residual power state of the read nodes, then they are transmitted to the base station (BS). The authors suggested an algorithm in which a minor proportion of the high energy nodes are used to transmit each node’s information to the Base Station (BS) [86].

This paper is also proposed a frame work for the simulation of the wireless sensor networks and the applications of WSN are that proposed an algorithm. The applications of wireless sensor networks is spreading rapidly form the last ten years in many areas like mostly in the areas called militaries, defence, large buildings, industries, and in many commercial buildings. Due to the advancement in wireless sensor networks the sensors with low power and the modules equipped with radio devices is now replaced with the wired sensors. These small modules (tiny) can be known as motes will collect all the information from the environment by using the motes and is also working like neurons.

Natural disasters have become very critical due to several reasons like global warming. Wireless sensor networks are used for detecting the natural events by measuring the temperature, air pressure, vibration, etc. and generate alarms. WSNs can measure the agitation of buildings, CO2 levels, and weather monitoring, etc. (Yawut & Kilaso, 2011).

Wireless sensor network consist of a large number of sensor node with limited resource of energy, transmission power, network power, network bandwidth, and computation power. Each sensor node is able to perform some processing and sensing task independently. Each sensor node is able to communicate with each others to forward the sensing information. Sensor network can be consist of three subsystem namely sensor

Wireless sensor nodes consists of three pars first one is wireless means without wires second one is sensor mean our nodes or data sensing process third and last one is networks means connection of these nodes to form a network to communicate and report data. When we concern its quality of service it may become too wide part of research so we are promised to work only in energy efficient protocols. The reason behind wireless

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.[1] The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. However, wireless sensor networks are now used in many civilian application areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control.[1][2]

At present, Wireless Sensor Network has becoming a hot technological topic with the development of computer science and wireless communication technology, wireless sensor network (WSNs) is a system shaped by a substantial number of sensor nodes, each one furnished with sensors to recognize physical phenomena, for example, heat, light, movement, or sound. Utilizing diverse sensors, WSNs can be implemented to backing numerous applications including security, diversion, mechanization, mechanical checking, and open utilities also state management. however, numerous WSN gadgets have serious asset demands as far as vitality, computation, and memory, brought about by a need to cutoff the expense of the substantial number of gadgets needed for some applications and by organization

Wireless Sensor Networks are formed by autonomous nodes containing partial memory, better range of communication, power and capable bandwidth. WSN are used to inspect the corporal and environmental conditions through a system and perform data processing. However, during data acquisition different types of issues and circumstances are to be resolved.

In the following parts of this section, we will firstly summarize the related work on analyzing the relationship between the sensing range Rs and communication range Rc. Then, we demonstrate the research efforts on finding critical conditions for achieving connectivity and coverage. Finally, we survey the approaches on connectivity and coverage in WSNs.

ABSTRACT: Wireless sensor networks is a self-configured network means any node can join it or leave it at any time. it is a self-healing and self-organizing. Self-healing networks allow nodes to reconfigure their link associations and find other pathways around powered-down nodes or failed nodes. Self-organizing allows a network automatically join new node without the need for manual interference. In this paper, we are using actor nodes to solve energy hole problem so that we can reduce energy consumption and can enhance throughput of network.

A sensor network has large number of sensor nodes, which are appropriately deployed or place either inside the experiment or very near to it. A sensor network is a network consisting of distributed wireless automatic devices using sensors to coordinately monitor physical or surrounding conditions, such as temperature, sound, stress/ pressure, movements or pollutants etc at different locations and time. The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. The wireless sensor networks nowadays can be used in many more application areas, including environment and domain monitoring, medical applications, intelligent home systems, and traffic commanding.