Essay Outline The Evidence For Natural Selection

A dinosaur has an antorbital fenestra with an open hole hip socket. The definition differs from the term used informally because it helped understand how the dinosaur moved and how they were categorized as species. There are four general characteristics that dinosaurs have as a result of their synapomorphies which are permeated acetabulum, ball-shaped head on proximal femur, the Cnemial crest on the proximial tibia, and an ascending process on astragalus. These four dinosaur synapomorphies are related to vertical limb support.

We use fossils to compare and contrast how and organism has evolved over a long period of time and how it has adapted to new changes.

Natural selection is the process in which heritable traits that make it more likely for organisms to survive and successfully reproduce become more common in a population over successive generations. Each of us individuals is specifically shaped and formed by our own genetic pattern. We inherit this pattern half from are mother and half from are father. The cause of this is the proximate cause that led it’s phenotype to ultimate causes. Much of we know today about evolution derives from the late great pioneer, Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin was an english naturalist that even from an early age was very interested in outdoor pursuits. Early in his prep career his father tried sending him to the University of Edinburg to pursue his medical

Complete the worksheet writing 100- to 200-word short answers for each question. Format your references consistent with APA guidelines.

All primates have a common ancestor, from millions of years ago. Go further back, and you will find a common ancestor for all mammals. Then a common ancestor for all vertebrates, then animals, then all life on earth. How closely two organisms are related can be deduced by looking for homologous structures, structures that look similar and have a similar function. This proves that the organisms descended from a common ancestor. Station 1 contained multiple vertebrate skeletons. They all had homologous structures, including a vertebral column and a rib cage. This shows that all vertebrates are related and come from a common ancestor with a

Anatomical Evidence – evidence relating to the structures of organisms and how they have evolved over time and might share a common ancestry.

One thing about natural selection that many people do not understand that natural selection does not increase the odds of survival for a species, but for individuals in that species. This makes sense when someone considers humans. Humans live in many social cultures, where for instance, the odds of survival in a group can be improved by the selection of certain traits that does not improve an individual’s odds of survival. Coyne states, one never sees the type of adaptations that benefit the group to the detriment of an individual (p.122).

Evolution through natural selection is not a controversial topic. It is not controversial because religion preaches that the maker made each individual species. Many times religion teaches that each individual has a purpose and is created for a reason. Evolution claims that living species can change over time and give rise to new kinds of species, with the result that all organisms ultimately share a common ancestry. That being so, people can believe in both. In a religious view people can be correct and people who believe in evolution can also be correct. Evolution can be true for religion that the maker has made each individual species, he/she started it all with one species and through time the world has changed

Fossils are organisms that were once living but have now died and been preserved in sediment. Their bones can remains can tell how they lived, what they ate, and what their behavior was like. In the article titles, “Fossils: How Are They Made?”, it states that, “The remains inside the rock also turn to rock. The remains are replaced by minerals. The remains literally turn to stone.” There are also other ways an organism can be fossilized, such as being buried in tar. For example, in the La Brea Tar Pit in the city of Los Angeles, they found remains of many ancient beings such as wooly mammoths and sabertooth tigers. In the video “Death By Tar Pit” on discovery.com, it was stated that remains of over 3 million ice age fossils were found in there because they had died and their remains were preserved in the tar pit. An organism can also be fossilized by being trapped in tree sap which

Evolution can be supported using Vestigial Features. Vestigial Features are remnants of organs or structures that had function in an early ancestor. Organisms have structures that seem to lack any useful function. Like snakes, they have tiny pelvic bones and stumplike limbs even though they cant even walk. They have these functions because of Vestigial Features. They bring down parts of there ancestor and puts it into there body for them to use.

Genetic analysis often reveals remnants of a gene that is functional in one species but not in another.

Similar characteristics due to relatedness from a common ancestor are known as homologies or homoplastic/homologous traits. Homologies can be revealed by comparing the anatomies of different living things, looking at cellular similarities and differences, studying embryological development, and studying vestigial structures within individual organisms (Understanding Evolution, 2008). Homologous traits are traits that are derived by evolution from a common ancestor. Homologous proteins might share a common ancestor, however they may not have the exact same function for the trait. Although organisms may have homologous traits, the use of these traits may differ due to evolution. This leads into biochemical homologies. These are metabolic pathways and/or genetic mechanisms that may have been present in a single celled ancestor and have evolved into similar structures on a bigger scale in a common ancestor down the road (Southan,

All living organisms are related and connected to a common ancestor. For example, there are several homologous structures among different types of species such as humans, cats, whales, bats, eagles, lizards, frogs, and chimpanzees. The most common structure they share are within their forelimbs, such as the humerus, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges. All of these specific bones are found within these animals, that act as different functions. The reason why their function varies, is because of their adaptations to the environment they lived in.

GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism, which is the process of extracting genes from one species into another unrelated species. The process of transferring DNA from two distinct species is through genetic engineering. This displays the new traits of the first donor, which will be part of the genetic make up of the recipient organism. GMO is different from cross breeding or hybridization. Scientists developed GM plants by introducing genes that kill insects and protect crops against viruses. Many of these GM plants require less water so that they are able to grow in areas where water is scarce. The benefit of GMOs help crops grows and ripens faster so that farmers are able to grow more crops throughout the year. On the other hand, GMOs may be harmful to humans if they are not washed and cleaned properly before eating. GMOs include high risk of allergens, toxins, and other unknown side effects that are harmful.

A homologous structure is a structure that animals have in common. For an example, humans, bats, rabbits, frogs, penguins, they have a similar arm bone structure.(evolution.berkeley) Homologous structures could be evidence of common ancestry, and common DNA Sequences for skeletal structure.