Reliability And Validity Essay

Values and Motives Questionnaire: The Technical Manual (n.d.). Retrieved from the Liberty COUN 521 website: Psytech International.

The Values and Motives Questionnaire, also known as the Values and Motives Inventory, is designed to examine a person’s motivation in relation to his values and activities. In order to ensure a comprehensive understanding of values, the VMQ assess three distinct areas, including: interpersonal, intrinsic, and extrinsic. Interpersonal values, according to the VMQ refer to one’s relationships with others. Intrinsic values contain one’s personal beliefs and attitudes. Finally, extrinsic values are one’s motivating factors at the workplace. Each of these three areas contain twelve topics

Drunk driving is an issue that effects many people across our nation. People do not realize the affects alcohol can have on the body and mind that slow decision making while driving. This issue begins in the home. Children see their parents, or other adults figures, have a beer or a cocktail and get in the car. Thus, making it seem like it is acceptable to drink and drive. “One in three people will be involved in an alcohol-related crash in their lifetime” (MADD).

Agarwal, N. K. (2011). Verifying survey items for construct validity: A two-stage sorting procedure for questionnaire design in information behavior research. Retrieved from http://gslis.simmons.edu/blogs/nareshagarwal/files/2012/06/Agarwal-ASIST2011-publisher.pdf

Reliability refers to coherence, stability and dependability in test results, generally using internal consistency to express the levels of reliability in the test. The higher reliability indicates the higher level of accordance, stabilization and dependability in test results. Reliability is the precondition of validity (Guba and Lincoln, 1981). The same findings may not generate if the same research is repeated, because many influencing factors may work in the process of research. The process of establishment in reliability research includes: the research rigorously collect and explain data in consistent investigation (internal checks); the process is transparent (sample design, field work, inquiry and rational data). Patton (1987) suggests that the use of triangulation in multiple approaches can increase the reliability in results.

As we all know that there are many people dying or getting severely injured every day because either they are driving under the influence (DUI) or they are victims of those people who drink and drive. The United States is the country which has the most accidents caused by DUI. According to the article “Alcohol Involvement in Fatal Crashes”, the U.S has the most impaired driving accidents. Statistics in the article “Impaired Driving” show that around 10,076 people were killed in ‘alcohol – impaired’ driving in 2013 in the United States. Research shows that people aged 16 to 49 are the ones who are most likely break the laws of DUI, and teenagers are more likely to get into fatal accidents. Therefore, the government, and other organizations have invented programs to help these people and reduce rates of drinking and driving in the United States. For example, Reinforcing Alcohol Prevention (RAP), Criminal Justice Policies, Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) etc. However, not all programs work the same way for everyone. To find out how to reduce drinking and driving rates in the United States using programs, we have to look at what kind of people are breaking DUI laws, what are the causes, and then we can find out which program will work better for a specific group.

The manual discusses internal consistency and test-retest in terms of reliability. Internal consistency is measuring how scores on individual items relate to each other or to the test as a whole. In two subsample studies, high internal consistency was found. In the first study, with a mixed sample of 160 outpatients, Beck, Epstein et al. (1988) reported that the BAI had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach coefficient alpha = .92), and Fydrich et al. found a slightly higher level of internal consistency (coefficient alpha = .94). This means that the items on the BAI are all measuring the same variable, anxiety.

trusts PCTs), close-by forces, amusement organizations suppliers and other gathering packs. Regardless of the way that tasks are delivered by professionals including dietician, nutritionist, physical development specialists, clinical clinician and early-years expects, they are suitable for transport by non-ace (NICE, 2006).

With the expected growth in the allied health sector in the coming years due to increased patient care demands, healthcare organizations in the United State will need to take steps to maintain a high quality of care. These steps will include ways to ensure that well trained staff are hired, adequate new staff on the job training and orientation, continuous review of policies for improvements in safety, care, risk management and quality assurance. In addition to focusing on the integration of the incoming allied health personnel, healthcare organizations are expected to review how care is currently provided, and find new ways to provide care and meet the great increase in demand for care.

Parallel and alternate forms—The parallel and the alternative forms of test reliability utilize multiple instances of the same test items at two different time with the same participants (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010). These kinds of test of reliability measurement could be proper when a person is measuring traits over a lengthy period of time, but would not be proper if a person was to measure one’s emotional state.

My culture, interaction with family and friends, and the various experiences from co-curricular and extra-curricular activities have enabled me to develop a multifaceted personality to tap my potential. In particular different activities, projects, assessment reports, and feedback from colleagues over the last few months at Babson I have better understood my strengths and weaknesses, and work style and leadership style. In this paper, I have developed my self-assessment analysis based upon qualitative and quantitative materials I have, and my experiences and exercises during this semester. I have identified three broad themes that incorporate several subthemes representing my current abilities, preferences, patterns of strengths, etc. (see appendix 1). Further, I have developed my action plan for the next semester to enhance my strengths and learn new skills, which are critical for my future career growth, to overcome my weaknesses.

The debate on standardized tests and its adequacy in testing a student’s knowledge about a subject has been going on for many years. Tests, in general, has been around for centuries and without them there would not be progress and no gleams of progress. Students ranging from elementary school to high school have experienced standardized testing. Teachers, educators, and parents are also involved in the students’ lives, which revolves around the tests, one way or another. There are many views on standardized test. However, the three most common views are: educators who are for standardized test which benefits students, educators who are at the other extreme of opposing standardized tests, and educators who view tests are a benefit if done in appropriate amounts.

The reliability analysis of refined model with 25 items and 5 factors was undertaken to verify how strongly the attributes are associated with each other. (Hair et al., 2010). Cronbach’s alpha for the full scale came to be 0.851 .The reliability test is deemed to be acceptable when the Cronbach’s Alpha value exceeds the Nunnally’s reliability criterion of 0.70 level (Hair et al., 2010). Dimension wise the value of Cronbach’s Alpha came to be 0.903 for Personal competence, High standards and Tenacity (Factor1), 0.867 for Trust in one’s instincts, Tolerance of negative affect and the Strengthening effects of stress (Factor2), 0.932 for Positive acceptance of change and Secure relationships with others (Factor 3), 0.752 for Control (Factor 4) and 0.812 for Spiritual influences (Factor 5). (Refer Table 4).

Psychological tests or psychological assessments are an important asset in the field of psychology. These tests are designed to measure people’s characteristics which pertain to behavior. There are a variety of different types of tests that can be used to assess different types of behaviors. According to the specific behavior or behaviors being assessed, tests are

Another consideration when designing questions is whether to include open-ended, closed-ended, partially open-ended, or rating-scale questions (for a detailed discussion refer to Jackson, 2009). Advantages and disadvantages can be found with each type: