Establishing Reliability and Validity of a Survey

Drunk driving is an issue that effects many people across our nation. People do not realize the affects alcohol can have on the body and mind that slow decision making while driving. This issue begins in the home. Children see their parents, or other adults figures, have a beer or a cocktail and get in the car. Thus, making it seem like it is acceptable to drink and drive. “One in three people will be involved in an alcohol-related crash in their lifetime” (MADD).

"Drunk Driving Statistics Among College Students." Breath of Lives RSS. 2015. Web. 24 Feb. 2016.

Drinking and driving is one of the biggest social issues for teens across the United States. Getting behind the wheel of a vehicle after consuming alcohol is a very dangerous thing no matter what age you are. However, teens do not think about the consequences of drinking and driving until it is already too late. Many things contribute to this growing problem of teen drinking and driving. First, there is a lack of education about drinking and driving in schools today. Next, peer pressure is difficult for many teens to resist. Finally, the access that teens have to alcohol and to vehicles is not monitored. According to blah blah study, 000% of high school students admit

“In the hands of an impaired driver, a vehicle becomes a murderous weapon.” ( ) Everyone can think of someone who has driven impaired, or even maybe you have done it yourself. The fact that one can think of someone who has driven impaired is a problem. Too many people are getting behind the wheel after drinking, smoking; or are not paying attention while they drive. Impaired driving continues to a problem although strides have been made to make a difference. There are many different types of impaired driving, each that have their own consequences. These types, and consequences will be explored in this essay.

Teens who take on the responsibility of being a designated driver are sometimes still pressured into drinking. Teens who get peer pressured into drinking when they know they had a responsibility to drive later often still do. Some teens decide to drink a little bit at parties so it looks like they are trying to get drunk to other teens around them in order to look or feel cool. “While 71% of teens have tried alcohol by the end of high school, far fewer drink to get drunk” (Barker, 2013, p. 6). When a teen gives into peer pressure or takes “just one sip,” they do not always know what they are getting themselves into. "Most kids wildly overestimate the prevalence of

Sample: The sample group I am using for this study is all drivers in the United States and more in Florida. Also I am looking in to Drivers that choose to DUI.

Starting with the introduction of the survey they seemed to be too specific in their intro of what was going to be in the survey by describing each type of question that would be presented throughout the survey. I feel like this information isn’t necessary and over excessive in an introduction. That part of the introduction should be taken out and instead maybe include something along the lines of “Please read every question carefully and thank you for participating” or something along those lines.

1. I would like to start by just stating a few statistics related to drunk driving.

The sobering fact is drivers under the age of 21 are responsible for 17% of fatal alcohol related accidents, even though they represent only 10% of licensed drivers (Stim, R. Teen Drunk Driving: The Sobering Facts of Underage DUIs (n.d.). There are approximately 2000 deaths associated with under aged drinking and according to the blood alcohol content of the victims, the main contributing factor is binge drinking, averaging 5 times the legal limit. Research has also shown that more times than not, the underage drunk driving is not wearing seat belts, increasing the chances of a fatal accident. They have found that this # is 74% of the population of drunk drivers involved in fatal

This paper’s sole purpose is to inform readers of DUI information predominately with the association of alcohol. Explaining the consequences of DUI’s, the effects of alcohol and what it does to the body, how dangerous a drug it is compared to other drugs, and how it varies between races and ethnicities toward law enforcement across the US. All of this information is given to readers by statistics and factual information received by articles and websites. The paper also gives a four step prevention plan for the future to lower and prevent the opportunity of DUI’s happening as frequently as they do. The suggestions in this prevention plan incorporate multiple prevention techniques to better assist in making a safer community. Each technique

After the implementation of the strategy, using the post-survey results, the effectiveness of the strategy was evaluated. The efficiency of the strategy was determined, by the percentage of change, if the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of the target group increased by 5%, it indicated that the strategy was effective. However, according to the post-survey results, the strategy was ineffective (refer to Appendix, Figure 4). The post-survey results indicated only 38% of students could correctly classify cyber bullying (Figure 4, Graph 2 in Appendix). In comparison to the pre-survey results, which indicated that only 36% of the students could correctly identify the definition of cyber bullying (refer to Figure 4, Graph 2 in Appendix). Even though, the knowledge of the target group increased by 2%, it does not indicate that the implementation was successful, as it only developed the personal skills of a minority of the target group. In addition, the results of both the pre and post surveys indicated that the knowledge of the target group did not increase nor decrease, indicating that their personal skills were not developed, hence, not creating a supportive environment (online). Furthermore, according to the post-survey results, more than 25% of the students would ignore cyber bullying, an increase of 3% from the pre-survey.

Specifically, we want to figure out if there is some sort of correlation between drinking patterns and driving patterns of individuals, and drunk driving. Our hypothesis is that more hazardous behaviors amongst drinking and driving patterns will indicate a higher likelihood of an individual driving while intoxicated. With drinking, we believe patterns such as drinking more frequently and consuming more alcohol in one sitting will contribute to a greater chance of driving under the influence. For driving patterns, we believe riskier behaviors such as speeding, texting while driving, driving without a seatbelt, running stop signs/red lights, and a history of being pulled over, as well as a history of having to take a sobriety test, will contribute to a higher rate of individuals who have driven a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol. By conducting our study and giving out questionnaires to a sample of about 600 individuals, our data will help us determine what types of patterns lead up to intoxicated driving. When finding out some of the causes, we can then try to figure out ways that will be productive in reducing the amount of intoxicated drivers there are on the road, and what action should be taken to more strongly enforce the laws against drunk

Alcohol has become an acceptable social norm starting at a young age. Alcohol misuse among young adults can affect their decision-making abilities, which can have severe consequences to innocent bystanders. Environmental factors play a key role; for example, young adults that live in rural areas have easier access to alcohol and are prone to express high-risk behaviors. On the other hand, young adults that live in urban areas experience different types of environmental factors such as economic difficulties and public transit access. A solution to these distinctive factors would lead to a decrease in the amount of drinking and driving rates. As well as finding new prevention strategies such as providing a form of public transportation in rural areas. These solutions would be an option for young adults so that they can make it home safely after consuming alcohol. By doing so, young adults would have a safer method to get home, as well as to save a life.

As we all know that there are many people dying or getting severely injured every day because either they are driving under the influence (DUI) or they are victims of those people who drink and drive. The United States is the country which has the most accidents caused by DUI. According to the article “Alcohol Involvement in Fatal Crashes”, the U.S has the most impaired driving accidents. Statistics in the article “Impaired Driving” show that around 10,076 people were killed in ‘alcohol – impaired’ driving in 2013 in the United States. Research shows that people aged 16 to 49 are the ones who are most likely break the laws of DUI, and teenagers are more likely to get into fatal accidents. Therefore, the government, and other organizations have invented programs to help these people and reduce rates of drinking and driving in the United States. For example, Reinforcing Alcohol Prevention (RAP), Criminal Justice Policies, Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) etc. However, not all programs work the same way for everyone. To find out how to reduce drinking and driving rates in the United States using programs, we have to look at what kind of people are breaking DUI laws, what are the causes, and then we can find out which program will work better for a specific group.

After retaining the null hypothesis, other potential factors were analyzed in the comparative case study by trying to isolate specific difference between states and trying to figure out if they were relevant. In order to do this New York and Wyoming were selected as the case studies as they demonstrated the lack of evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis and their comparison led to two very interesting implication. The first highlighted the lack of influence of socio economics on drunk driving at least in terms of the effect of per capita income on the drunk driving death rate. Although it was not predicted in what ways, socioeconomic would affect drunk driving, it is very interesting to note that per capita income, given how close