Ester Reaction

Ethyl ethanoate is made from ethanol and ethanoic acid. In the reaction sulphuric acid is added as a catalyst.

Salicylic acid was esterfied using acetic acid and sulfuric acid acting as a catalyst to produce acetylsalicylic acid and acetic acid. The phenol group that will attack the carbonyl carbon of the acetic anhydride is the –OH group that is directly attached to the benzene since it is more basic than the –OH group attached to the carbonyl group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. Sulfuric acid serves as the acid catalyst since its conjugate base is a strong deprotonating group that is necessary in order for this reaction to be reversible. The need for the strong conjugate base is the reason why other strong acids such as HCl is not used since its conjugate base Cl- is very weak compared to HSO3-. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in

The experiment began by mixing the initial 1.775g isopentyl alcohol with 2.3 mL acetic acid and about 5 drops sulfuric acid. This reaction mixture was then heated under reflux for an hour after boiling of the reaction mixture began.

Upon the addition of water, it was noted that a layer separation occurred and the water layer remained on top, with the 2-methylphenol layer on the bottom layer. Then, conversion calculations were performed to determine the appropriate amount of 3M NaOH to be added to the 2-methylphenol solution. From the calculations, it was determined that 1.08 mL were to be added. 3M NaOH itself was a cloudy solution in appearance and upon the addition of 3M NaOH to the 2-methylphenol solution, it was noted a color change occurred and it became a yellow-green solution. Following this, the same calculations used previously, were used to determine the appropriate amount of sodium chloroacetate, which was found to be 0.38 g (3.26 mmol). Sodium choloroacetate was a white, crushed solid that was then combined with 1 mL of water and was swirled until the sodium chloroacetate completely dissolved. This sodium choloracetate solution was then transferred to the 2-methylphenol solution by the use of a medicine

Distillation of the first product began at 83 °C. A Pasteur pipette was used to remove 1-ml of the distillate into a vial. A second vial was filled with distillate until it reached 1-ml. As the second vial is being filled, observe the temperature and remove the apparatus from the heat source if there is an observed drop in temperature.

Wash (swirl and shake) the organic layer with one 10-mL portion of water and again drain the lower aqueous layer. Transfer the organic layer to a small, dry Erlenmeyer flask by pouring it from the top of the separatory funnel. Dry the crude t-pentyl chloride over 1.01 g of anhydrous calcium chloride until it is clear (see Technique 12, Section 12.9). Swirl the alkyl halide with the drying agent to aid the drying.

The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize isopentyl acetate via an esterification reaction between acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol, using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product was washed with sodium hydrogen carbonate, as well as with water, then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The product was then distilled using a Hickman still and characterized using infrared spectroscopy. The percent yield of isopentyl acetate was 61.52%. This may have been low due to not all of the condensed product being removed from the Hickman still, some product being lost during transfer of the product from the reaction tube into the Hickman still, or the loss of some product due to evaporation during distillation.

The objective of this experiment is to prepare and identify several types of esters by the process of dehydration synthesis using an alcohol with an acid.

During this lab the scent of the ester product was evident. The combination of methanoic acid and 2 methylpropyl alcohol created the ester product of 2 methylpropyl methanoate which had a smell of

An ester was synthesized during an organic reaction and identified by IR spectroscopy and boiling point. Acetic acid was added to 4-methyl-2-pentanol, which was catalyzed by sulfuric acid. This produced the desired ester and water. After the ester was isolated a percent yield of 55.1% was calculated from the 0.872 g of ester recovered. This quantitative error was most likely due to product getting stuck in the apparatus. The boiling point of the ester was 143° C, only one degree off from the theoretical boiling point of the ester 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 144 ° C. The values of the

In conclusion, the lab was overall very successful, interesting and fun. We had to work with great precaution because this was the first lab concentrated acids were handled directly. All the esters required were made successfully and with a slight bit of struggle including lots of wafting the scents of the esters were identified correctly. What was learned through preparing these esters was the comprehension of how an ester reaction works. There is a big difference between reading about how a reaction works and physically mixing in the reactants and receiving a product. There are several possible sources of error in this lab such as: the test tubes or beakers being contaminated prior to the experiment, the beaker and test tubes having residue

Then by using the knowledge that alcohols and amides register as pH neutral and amines register as slightly acidic allows for the characterization of the reactant as an alcohol or amide, or as an amine. In the last part of the experiment, an alcohol and an acetic acid will react in an esterification reaction to produce an ester. Using the ester odors in the known ester banks, the unique aroma of each ester will allow for a categorization of each ester produced. Lastly, retrosynthetic analysis can be used to

Esters are organic molecules that generally have delightful tastes and smells and so are used to make perfumes and artificial flavours. (Mann, 2007)

pyridine. In addition, from one ester, another ester can be obtained by reacting the first ester with

We utilize the rapidity of ester-interchange reactions during the production process. The acid (terephthalic acid) is converted to the dimethyl ester, which is further purified by distillation or crystallization. This is then allowed to react with the glycol by ester interchange. The reaction generally is a two-step reaction a. First, low MW polyester is made with excess of glycol to ensure that the hydroxyl end groups are formed and then the temperature is raised and pressure is decreased to facilitate condensation of these molecules by ester interchange simultaneously with the loss of glycol. [7]