Estrus Synchronization Protocols Essay example

Also, for those who's mare's won't be ready for AI until next month, I found another vet that offers collection and breeding all summer. The vet I usually use closes July 1st, so it was difficult to accommodate those who want to breed their horse later in the summer... Well, now you can!

Another commonly used method of induction is the injection of follicle stimulating hormones, or FSH. For this treatment, the patient is given FSH injections while being monitored by a physician. The physician uses ultrasound to keep count of the number of mature eggs in the woman’s ovaries. When the physician decides that there are enough eggs, a second hormone injection is then given that causes the release of the eggs from the ovaries. The final step is fertilization through sexual intercourse or artificial insemination (ACOG, 2004).

Artificial insemination is a method of reproduction that allows beef producers to use bulls that have superior genetics at an affordable price. Many producers of purebred and commercial beef cattle profitably use artificial insemination in their cow herds and utilize artificial insemination to control traits such as calving ease, milk production, and feed efficiency. Take my family for example; every year we sync our show heifers’ estrus cycles together and artificially inseminate them. Artificial insemination allows us to pick sound, purebred bulls with low birth weights, something that is ideal for our show heifers. A successful artificial insemination program requires attention to detail, and timing is crucial. Both a sound health

Porcine Zona Pellucida, or PZP is a vaccine hand injected into mares to prevent pregnancy. The National Academy of Sciences states “The Porcine Zona Pellucida (PZP) vaccine, an immunocontraceptive, is the most extensively tested method in free-ranging horses and ma be the most promising option at present” (Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program a way forward 113). The vaccine is temporary but effective for up to twenty-two months. The effects of PZP wears off and normal reproduction can resume four years after the injection. This is a treatment and release program that is not harmful. They use helicopter roundups to gather the horses and separate out the mares in order to vaccinate them. Modified rifles with loaded darts of PZP can also be used to vaccinate the mares. It is not harmful to the animals and the lifespan increases and health improves with the vaccinated mares. Mares that are vaccinated live 5-10 years longer than untreated mares. (“Fertility Control” 1). The goal of this method is to reduce the population to match the carrying capacity of the land. Rashmi Shivni agrees when he writes “The Ultimate goal is to lower the population to match the carrying capacity of the land, and Dr. Mcdonnell said the best way to do this is to control fertility” (Shivni 2). Porcine Zona Pellucida vaccine controls the

an adult female animal's womb where it slowly develops. Later, this female animal gives birth

During that time the male will go out and seek a female usually in her burrow and that is when the life cycle

nature and age is only but a number. Factory workers in the State World will use ovaries, “only

Dr. Kim Vonnahme has been a very important addition to the Animal Science Department at NDSU for the past eleven years. She has brought her tremendous knowledge of the reproductive tracts in animals to research and hands on projects for the students here at NDSU. Dr. Vonnahme received her Bachelor of Science Degree in Animal Science at Iowa State University in 2006. She continued to further her educational background by attending Oklahoma State University to obtain her Master’s Degree in Animal Science in 1998. Afterwards, she attended University of Wyoming to receive her PhD in Reproductive Physiology (Kim Vonnahme, 2014; Research Profile-Kim, 2014).

Gonadotropins are a group of hormones that are secreted by the pituitary gland that starts the production of the gonads. The reason gonadotropins are used in fertility is because it has FSH and LH hormone that aids in producing eggs in order for a woman to ovulate. So in other words, if a women does not have enough hormone to start ovulation she will be given a rFSH for about 12 days to help the eggs mature and then a dose of gonadotropin to start the ovulation process.

I have just completed the Short Course at Colorado State University in January on Equine Reproduction Management: Stallion, Mare, and Newborn Foal with Dr. McCue.

2, 36-38) And that's exactly what the wolves did to the elk. " Creel's studies between 2002 and 2006 revealed that when wolves were around, elk more than doubled the time they spent on watch. They moves away from grassy fields they perfer into wooded areas that offer more protection but less food." ( pg. 2, 48-50) When they moved well when must moved, some elk were in such poor condition they didn't have enough energy to reproduce. There is a hormone called progesterone, it spikes during pregnacy. In stool samples from 1500 female elk, it was founded it was lower in areas where wolves lived. "When Creel saw a dramatic decline in calf numbers, he knew the wolves were not directly responsible because they rarely kill young elk." (pg. 2,

Pseudopregnancy will usually become visible in a canine approximately 6 to 12 weeks after estrus, while feline symptoms begin 4 to 8 weeks after estrus. Often times, the symptoms are so intense that the owner even believes their pet has become pregnant. When the pet fails to produce offspring, owners often think that they are suffering from dystocia, and transport them to a veterinary clinic for an emergency evaluation. Some of the symptoms that may present themselves are: Change in appetite, abdominal distention, weight gain, nesting, mothering inanimate objects, restlessness, lactation, aggression, vomiting, lactation and abdominal contractions. Each case if different and will need to be evaluated by a licensed veterinarian.

Moreover, this procedure consists of sterilizing and returning them to their respective colonies. Alternatively, vasectomy is an accurate position to consider according to the cats’necessities because this praxis allow them to subsist in their wild life. As the American Veterinarian Medical Association points out, vasectomy is an operation in which the tube that carries sperm is cutted, as a result, cats retain their reproductive hormones. In contrast, a cat that has been neutered loses all of its sex hormones; consequently, he is unlikely to get into alley cat fights with unneutered cats that stumble along. In other words, the cat that was submitted under vasectomy conserves its social status; furthermore, the cats’life span is not altered. Also, female cats who get hysterectomies will try to mate; therefore, they will enter a 45-day pseudo-pregnancy period, technically called Pseudocyesis, which can dissuade fertile males from entering the

It is common for the semen of 2-3 bulls to be used to ensure at least one quality sample to produce a pregnancy. In the instance that multiple donors are used, parentage is confirmed via DNA analysis. Most frequently, nonsurgical insemination is performed. This method calls for a trained and accommodating elephant as a large bore cannula is inserted into the lower urogenital tract. A 3m endoscope is inserted through the cannula and conducted to the hymen in first time mothers and the cervix or uterine horn of a cow that has calved. A small insemination cannula is used to deposit semen into the vagina, threaded through the hymen in nulliparous cows. In parous cows the semen may be deposited further into the uterus.14 Surgical insemination

Harvested for their urine, the horses suffer for the production of the drug hormone replacement drugs premarin (Pregnant Mare's Urine). At PMU farms mares in their third or