Ether Anesthesia Essay

miscible Highly flammable, toxic, harmful Diethyl Ether MW= 74.12 C4H10O MP= -116 °C BP= 34.6 °C 0.714 69 g/L (20 ºC) Extremely Flammable, toxic, harmful Sodium Sulfate MW = 142.04 Na2SO4 MP= 884 °C (lit.) BP=1700°C 2.68 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless irritant References:

[of] a decision, policy or practice" that Khajavi reasonably believed, consistent with the standards of his profession, impaired his ability to provide medically appropriate health care to a patient within the meaning of section 2056. Indeed, the trial court had considered the evidence sufficient to go to the jury on this claim before it erroneously narrowed its interpretation of section 2056.

The two main types of Anesthesia the doctors used was either chloroform or ether. The doctors usually did one of

For instance, pentan-1-ol, the alcohol utilised to synthesis 1-pentyl ethanoate, is relatively flammable due to the hydroxyl functional group attached to the molecule. Therefore, in order to prevent severe burns, a laboratory coat and safety glasses were worn. The experiment was additionally performed whilst standing up, so that if the aliquot of pentan-1-ol ignited,

Before anesthesia, surgery was very painful, and a last resort; many people chose the reality of death over surgery. One of the original forms of anesthesia is ether, a man-made liquid that causes an euphoria first, and then drowsiness. The first successful public demonstration was by dentist William T. G. Morton. The technique was quickly adopted worldwide, but ether’s quality varied and gave unpredictable results. Doctors in England decided to dedicate time to improving the inconsistencies by trying chloroform. The chemical substance, chloroform, had been first produced in 1831. The knowledge about the narcotic effect of chloroform spread rapidly, but soon reports of sudden deaths mounted. During the late 19th century many Europeans studied chloroform, but they failed to come to any clear conclusions. Dr. Samuel D. Gross was known for using chloroform in his surgeries. Although by 1875 mounting evidence showed ether to be a safer option, Gross continued to use chloroform. He attributed his comparative success with chloroform to his extraordinary care. Eakins’ “The Gross Clinic” displays a man at the head of the patient’s bed, and it’s a true testament to extreme attention and care that was directed towards his patients. Gross advanced medicine by using chloroform, but his innovation was stagnant in the field of

~ There were more than 20,000 uses of anesthetic agents by surgeons on both sides during the

This Anaesthetic case study would describes and discussed the scenario of a patient through the anaesthetic role of their surgical procedure. It will include and discuss the anaesthetic safety procedures equipment and drug interventions used to ensure this particular patients maximum safety and comfort before and during the procedure. The case study will include pre and peri-operative assessment in order to describe the involvement contribution of various specialties in the holistic care of the critical care patient. This assignment will focus only on the anaesthetics side of the procedure but will also highlight the importance of the triad of anaesthesia and discuss the administration, maintenance and reversal of

One of the techniques doctors in civil war hospitals used was a drug called anesthesia.

The role of the nurse anesthetist gradually developed as the demand increased for individuals who were highly and meticulously trained in anesthesia administration in an era where knowledge of germs, antisepsis and surgical interventions was emerging. During the 1800s, medical students were often responsible in the administration of anesthesia under the direct supervision of surgeons but the increased mortality rates in intraoperative patients suggested the need to reevaluate who would provide anesthesia. As a result of negative patient outcomes, surgeons turned to nurses, who served to be an adequate and reliable replacement. This trend proved to be catalytic in the movement of the nurse anesthetist.

Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has become a genuine phenomenon and can be problematic for the patient and the staff caring for them. Delirium occurs when a patient is placed in an unfamiliar environment and has to endure the stress of not just the hospitalization but the stimuli of the environment, which can cause disturbances in consciousness. Patients can become confused, anxious, and agitated; making this difficult for the staff to correctly diagnosis and care for them. Sleep deprivation and environmental factors along with neurotransmitters are strongly related to the occurrence of ICU delirium. ICU staff needs to become more educated on prevention, detection, and proper treatment for the patient experiencing this

(History of Nurse Anesthesia Practice. 2010, May), (Koch, E., Downey, P., Kelly, J. W., & Wilson, W. 2001).

Nurse Anesthetist has been providing anesthesia to patients in the United States for more than 150 years. In the year 1840 the anesthetic qualities of drugs were demonstrated in the country. Ether, chloroform, nitrous oxide is some chemicals who helped nurses and doctors in conducting a modern surgical procedure. Florence Nightingale was a well known nurse because of her work in the Crimean War during the late 1850s, that ushered in the advent of professional nursing. Women started to choose nursing as a vocation. Nurses first gave anesthesia to wounded soldiers from the battlefield during the Civil War. The specialty nurses Anesthesia was then formed. Nurse

Parasomnia refers to a wide variety of disruptive, sleep-related events or, "disorders of arousal." These behaviors and experiences occur usually while sleeping, and most are often infrequent and mild. They may however happen often enough to become so bothersome that medical attention should be sought out. "Parasomnias are disorders characterized by abnormal behavior or physiological events occurring in association with sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions."(DSM pg. 435)

Anesthesiologists give patients anesthetics in a variety of ways, such as “orally, intravenously, by gas or direct injection to render patients insensible to pain Anesthesiologists typically maintain the same daily schedule a surgeon follows, participating in both scheduled and unscheduled operations. Anesthesiologists are responsible for determining the proper anesthetic and dosage level for each patient. They monitor the patients progress prior to, during, and after surgery.”(“Anesthesiologist” 31)

Anesthesia was developed in order to block or prevent pain during medical procedures. Anesthesia has been the backbone of the medical world for around 100 years now. Early anesthetics were primitive and many patients simply did not trust anesthetics. Anesthesia is still a risky process even in todays advanced medical world. Anesthesia is not used to treat or diagnose any specific disease; the sole purpose is to aid both the patient and surgeon through procedures. However, anesthesia is used in different ways based on the magnitude of the procedure. There are three levels of anesthesia which include; local, regional, and general anesthesia. An anesthesiologist determines which type of anesthesia will be needed.