Ethical And Ethical Decision Making

Decision-making in the field of psychology refers to a cognitive process that results in a selection among multiple possible solutions in a situation (Colman, 2008). Decision-making is based on available information from the environment as well as intrinsic information and existing schemas (Rogerson, Gottlieb, Handelsman, Knapp & Younggren, 2011). These internal schemas, along with knowledge and personal preferences, influence the decision-making process. Ethical decision-making differs from "normal" decision-making in that ethical standards influence the decision maker 's choice (Rogerson et al., 2011). Numerous professions and organization adhere to some form of ethical standards including business,

Ethical decision making frameworks share similar guiding principles, however there are differences among how they guide the decision maker through the process. The Badaracco Model, Markkula Model, and the Nash 12 Questions Model use a set of questions that the decision maker must work through to solve the ethical dilemma. The three models share themes of asking the decision maker to identify the ethical dilemma, and to look at other perspectives and alternatives. The Servant Leadership Model is different from the other three models in several ways. While the other three approach guided a decision maker through a process the Servant Leadership model focuses more on being a servant. The other models utilize ethical standards to help think through the decision but allow the user to use different approaches. Under the Servant Leadership Model there is only one ethical standard to implement.

In difficult financial times, companies face various moral issues to try to keep up with their competitors. Although these issues have a direct impact on employee decision making, businesses rarely address how employees should assess the ethics of their actions and incorporate ethics into their decisions. Often this can be alleviated by creating and maintaining a corporate culture with a focus on

The key takeaways from this article range from decision making models to ensuring that employers make an ethical decision. An ethical decision model is a great tool to use when faced with a tough decision to make (Inggs & Christensen, 2015). In order to ensure that a manager has made an ethical decision, he or she should consider everyone else around him or her that their decision could obtain an effect on. As a manager, it is important to utilize every tool necessary to make a decision. It is more important to stray away from the garbage can model which displays that decision making is sloppy and desultory (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2013). Also, it is important to know which biases are showing up in the decision-making process.

Ethics and ethical decision making play a large role in the duties of the coroner, everything they can affects someone or something. The main ethic would be confidentiality; the only topics that are not confidential are cause and manner of death. Any other information can only be given to legal next of kin. For example, if the media call asking about a homicide the only information the office will release is the cause and manner of death. However, if the decedent’s next of kin calls we are able to release any and all information to them.

In this week’s application we are review the case study and then describe any ethical issue in which I have identified. We are then asked to apply any ethical decision making model then describe two solutions with the ethical issue. In this case it was about a prison psychologist that is having some difficulties when being asked to be in charge of a difficult situation. The psychologist came back from vacation and was asked to be in charge of the hospital because another supervisor was going away for a while. The psychologist was given direct instructions regarding a specific client who has suicidal ideations and has been on watch for 3 weeks. The issue is that because the client was very aggressive and suicidal

The ethical decision making process is based on moral rules and unchanging principles that are derived from reason and can be applied universally. These universal rules and principles must be considered separate from the consequences or the facts of a particular situation. (McWay, 2014). Health care workers face ethical issues and have to use the ethical decision making process to determine what is best for their patients.

What are the relevant facts of the case? What facts are not known? Can I learn more about the situation? Do I know enough to make a decision?

The first step of the Ethical Decision-Making Procedure is stated as, “1.0 Become Aware of Dilemma” (McNamara). According to the given case scenario, the dilemma is clearly stated. It reads that the client (mother) does not believe in rewards or support the use of them for her son. The mother is going against what the BCBA believes in and stands for, thus causing a direct dilemma. Removing reinforcers is not feasible for the professional BCBA, and this must be properly addressed with the client. Situations like these are where the Ethical Compliance Code comes into place for the sake of the clients and professionals involved.

Management constitute amongst major components of a company, organization or a business. As such, management oversees employees interactions with their supervisors and also control of people within a particular organization. Also, it includes critical and ethical decision-making process so as to address various ethical dilemmas experienced by employees while undertaking their respective assigned duties within the company. Ethical dilemmas are hereby to stay as issues usually arise now and then and place a variety of options that bear different repercussions. Therefore, it calls for ethical and critical decision-making skills so as to make the most appropriate option that bears more benefits in comparison to other options presented. While making ethical decisions, it 's substantially important to play heed to a certain ethical decision-making theory. This would enable an individual making the decision to ripe best possible consequences rather than living to regret. Moreover, ethical decision making is typically important in business as making a wrong decision may result not only in huge losses but also poor relationship amongst colleagues and miserable life for employee(s) working in a particular company or business in question.

Making consistently ethical decisions is difficult. Most decisions have to be made in the context of economic, professional and social pressures, which can sometimes challenge our ethical goals and conceal or confuse the moral issues. In addition, making ethical choices is complex because in many situations there are a multitude of competing interests and values. Other times, crucial facts are unknown or ambiguous. Since many actions are likely to benefit some people at the expense of others, the decision maker must prioritize competing moral claims and must be proficient at predicting the likely consequences of various choices. An ethical person often chooses to do more than the law requires and less than the law allows.

Throughtout this written assignment there will be a discussion on ethical decision making about making a decision on possible ethical consequences that may be placed in your life, and what ethical consequences will be dealt with in the mental health professional field. Decisions could possibility pertain your conduct such as an ethical dilemma that will required a serious decision to be solved by your action as an leader. Even though a leader may not have caused the problem, they do not have a choice but to respond to the issues at the workplace. The key is how would a leader react to the issue and how their reputation and career standards will interfear afterwards. An early recognition could prevent many ethical issues from increasing in the mental health field and work environment. Ethical dilemmas could happen in many different ways, such professionals do have any act of acknowledge by knowing they have allowed themselves to be placed in a predictment without any knowing about it. This assignment will also discuss the scenario, what the reactions were from the team leader, what consequences should take place, the code of ethics and what were the results from decision making.

There are various theories used to explain moral reasoning and ethical decision making. These theories are used to assist people in deciding between the right and wrong acts. One of these theories is the virtue ethics, which is used to determine whether an act is virtuous or vicious. David Hume and Aristotle were among the first philosophers to use virtue ethics to differentiate between virtues and vices. According to Hume, an act is virtuous if it represents what a virtuous person would characteristically do in the same circumstances. Basically, it means that a virtuous act must be approved by every person who considers it in the light of social flourishing. On the other hand, Aristotle’s virtue ethics claims that an act can only be considered virtuous only when it is between the deficiency and excess extremes. His theory suggests that a virtuous act is the mean between two extremes. For instance, a person faced with difficult situations should act with courage, which is the mean between cowardice and rashness. In essence, Hume’s virtue ethics suggests that virtues are actual distinct rules while Aristotle indicates that there are no distinct rules that govern virtuousness. Although Hume explains why certain behaviors are acceptable in society, his explanations of virtue in terms of utility and character make it inapplicable in some situations. On the other hand, Aristotle provides a strong explanation about rational choices in relation to virtues but his explanation fails

The purpose or aim of every organization is to establish such an organizational culture and behavior among its employees that helps in achievement of ideal ethical standards. There are certain determinants that play a critical role in helping achieve the right organizational culture. Some of these include personal moral intensity, social ties, codes of ethics, locus of control and Machiavellianism. These

Nurses often encountered various ethical dilemmas in the practice setting. Both virtue ethics and caring ethics support good ethical decision making for nurses (Park, 2012, p. 149) but these are inadequate to assist in solving an ethical dilemma (Park, 2012, p. 149). For that reason an ethical decision making tool is helpful for the nurses or clinicians to come up with an ethical decision (Kelly, 2012, p. 571) that allows them to gather information, identify any gap of understanding on the issue or the disagreements between the involved parties through a clear communication (Park, 2012, p. 140). Several authors presented an ethical decision making processes (Park, 2012, p. 141), here presented the two processes that can be applied in resolving an ethical dilemma. One example of ethical decision making process is the DECIDE model by Thompson, Melia & Boyd (Allen, Chapman, Francis, & O’Connor, 2008, p. 5) and the Integrated ethical decision-making model which was derived from the combination of the different ethical decision-making models strengths (Park, 2012, p. 140). These two ethical decision-making model steps are identical to each but differ on the detailed instruction on how the steps are to be done or used in actual case. By comparing the two models the integrated ethical decision-making model have a detailed instruction. The