Ethical And Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing Essay

The authors emphasize in reduction, replacement and refinement of animal use in experiments, which is referred as “3 Rs” principles. These principles encouraged researchers to work to lessen the number of animals used in experiments to the minimum, limit the pain and replace use of animals with non animal alternatives when possible. It provides awareness to the subject matter of animal testing, raising serious ethical and scientific issues.

As of 2015, 200 to 225 million animals are said to used in laboratory research for the biomedical industry annually worldwide. Typically defended by arguments of reliability and human health benefits, recently the question of ethics and values placed on animal testing have caused it to become a relevant and pressing topic that has been more widely discussed and debated. First off, the laboratory conditions that are instigated upon millions of animal models for the sake of medical research has been said to be unethical and cruel. Additionally, it has been debated that the results of animal experimentation are unreliable across a wide range of areas. Lastly, animal testing not only leads away from the direction of resources from more effective testing methods but also prolongs the duration of time humans may need to wait for an effective cure. Therefore, the potential benefits of animal experimentation are greatly outweighed by the risks and collective harm of humans and animals which is why resources should be directed towards more human-based testing procedures.

“It is a simple fact that many, if not most, of today’s modern medical miracles would not exist if experimental animals had not been available to medical scientists. It is equally a fact that, should we as a society decide the use of animal subjects is ethically unacceptable and therefore must be stopped, medical progress will slow to a snail’s pace. Such retardation will in itself have a huge ethical ‘price tag’ in terms of continued human and animal suffering from problems such as diabetes, cancer, degenerative cardiovascular diseases, and so forth.”

Throughout history, animal experimentation has played an important role in leading to new discoveries and human benefits. However, what many people tend to forget are the millions of animals that are tortured or killed during the process of these painful, deadly experiments. Many people seem to misunderstand animal nature and the laboratory procedures and techniques that are executed on the animals. The procedures are cruel, unreliable, and harmful. Luckily there are more humane alternatives that have also proved to be less expensive.

At this moment, millions of animals know cold cages in laboratories as home, but why? Some of these animals are subjects for medical research purposes, while others are used out of pure curiosity and to test different products. Majority of these animals are used in painful experiments and are left in agony. While many of them die, a few animals survive, but these unfortunate ones wish they could be put out of their misery as well. Although scientists have resources they could use to lower the pain each animal endures and even alternatives of their test subjects, millions of innocent creatures are still suffering. The fact that animals are still used when animal experimentation is avoidable and not necessary makes animal testing unethical.

are not able to give consent for this as would be required of a human. Other

There is much debate over whether animal testing should be allowed or not. Some people think that it is not essential to sacrifice animals for human benefits because they are being abused and tortured severely during experiments. Some others who stand against animal testing claim that humans eliminate many lives on earth in order to safe humans’ lives, so there is no justice because even animals have the right to live on earth, yet these people do not consider the truth that animals are being used in the food industry or in the laboratories. Thus, if someone asks how many animals are being used in the laboratory experiments around the world every year, who can give an accurate answer? It can be one, ten, or fifty million. It is difficult to find the exact figure on this question because people only read news through mass media such as having a new vaccine which can help human avoid uterus cancer or a new medicine help humans cure strokes, but they also need to know how many lives of the animals would have to take in order to get theses vaccines. Therefore, some organizes think that animal testing is one of the most disturbing experiments ever, and it should be banned. Despite many controversies with opposing opinions, a compromise can be made in order to reduce the use of animals in the laboratory experiments.

Facilities that use animals for teaching, experimentations, surgery or testing purposes are known as research facilities. Currently, there are twelve animal research facilities in the state of Alabama ("General Information on Animal Research"). There are many different reasons why animals are used for research. Animals are used to test the products used in cosmetics, for biomedical research, for military defense and food production. Many people including the general public, scientists and government officials do not necessarily agree to the terms and conditions to which these animals are used for testing

History---- An estimated 26 million animals are used every year in the United States for scientific and commercial testing. Animals are used to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical, commercial, and health care uses. Research on living animals has been practiced since at least 500 BC.In the 1940s, Jonas Salk used rhesus monkey to cross-contamination studies to isolate the three forms of the polio virus that affected hundreds of thousands yearly.Salk's team created a vaccine against the strains of polio in cell cultures of rhesus monkey kidney cells. The vaccine was made

Imagine just waking up one day being stripped of your home, children, food and everything you own. You’re in the dark and all of a sudden these bright, intense, fluorescent lights flick on. A very large, unfamiliar looking menacing figure approaches you and prods you with needles and all sorts of drugs. Your barely fed and you're stuck here for the rest of your life. Now what if I told you that already happens today in the year 2017. These “people” i'm talking about are poor defenseless animals that have to go through these horrible conditions every day just for an experiment that might not even work. All animal testing should be banned, even if such testings would save human lives because, the process is painful, you’re endangering a species and haven't all cruel despicable nations tested on not only humans but also animals.

“Animals have been used repeatedly throughout the history of biomedical research.” (Hajar) As early as 384-258 BC by early greek physician scientists Aristotle and Erasistratus who would perform experiments on living animals. Galen (129-199/217 AD), a Greek physician of Rome was one of the greatest in the history of medicine. With some experiments made on animals he was able to advance our understanding of the anatomical structure, physiology, pathology and pharmacology. Ibn Zuhr, an Arab physician in the twelfth century Moorish Spain brought upon the idea of animal testing as a way to practice surgical procedures on animals before using any kinds of methods on humans. As history shows, man has endured and overcome many diseases and illnesses. These diseases killed many people and caused many to suffer. Most have been cured due to man’s medical research. Tests done on animals have improved the lives of many humans who would have suffered themselves. Scientists, Doctors and other

One day, a kid named Johnny had Parkinson’s disease. But, he was cured just in time due to animal testing. Yes, animal testing saved lives, yet many people do not believe in the importance of doing testing on animal test subjects to find the effectivity of the product. However, it is way more true that animal testing is not cruel, and it should remain legal. My reasons for saying this is that animal testing has made a major impact in the medical field, animals in testing receive the highest standards of care provided by law, and finally animals and humans have a lot more in common that meets the eye, making tests accurate.

When it comes to animals and their rights, there is a definite line between our needs and our taking advantage of those species that we consider inferior. As long as man has existed he has been carnivorous, and the same holds true for many other species of animals. Animals are a necessity to humans for survival, whether it be for food, clothing, etc. However, the unnecessary torture of animals through testing is not a necessity for human survival. When it comes to the needless torture of animals that we claim to benefit, the animals lives need to be taken into consideration. S. F. Sapontzis gives his theory as to why animals should not be used in testing. To start with, animals are not capable of giving their consent to be used as

When you go shopping for mascara, perfume, lotion etc, do you ever stop and think what product you're using? You may be supporting animal testing and not even realize it. Many of the products we use on an everyday basis are tested on animals first before getting into our hands. Not only that, every year millions of animals are hurt and killed for the purpose of advancement in science, household products, cosmetic companies, and educational institutions. Animal testing is wrong and inhumane! Animals should not be treated bad, or undergo any pain, just to make a human's life “better”. Many people believe this is the way to go just because they're “just animals” but they don't see that animals feel everything a human does, and it's sad because they can't speak for themselves, they are helpless and defenseless!

To begin, some people believe that animal testing is justifiable if done in moderation and is consistent within the law. With scientific research, there are ground rules that researchers have to follow in order to ensure a safe and inhumane practice unto the test object. In the medical field, numerous diseases, medicines, and solutions for horrible sicknesses are tested on animals in order to bring forth a new method to conquering the issue. In 1959, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique was published by Burch and Russel introduced substitutions to decrease the pain an animals experiences. “They introduced and defines the terms replacement, reduction, and refinement, which subsequently have become known as ‘alternative methods’ for minimizing the potential for animal pain and distress in biomedical research” (Russel and Burch). Replacement according to Bruch and Russel mean that there various options other than animals to conduct experiments on such as humans. Reduction is the lesser amount of animals used to gain statistics for the needed material they are researching for. Either scientists could use fewer animals, or they can have a set number of animals that they can use multiple times for different reasons. Finally, refinement is the overall hospitality that the animal receives. While being used in a test, the animals should feel the upmost comfort, and they environment should bring forth a comforting feeling overall (Burch and Russel). With these, animals can