Ethical Considerations In Research

To ensure that a researcher’s enthusiasm for knowledge and understanding doesn’t let them get carried away, clear guidelines for ethical behaviour in research, a Code of Ethics, have been established by governments, institutions and various professional societies such as the American Psychological Association(APA), the British Psychological Society (BPS) and the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

A 35-year-old man named Paul, who has a supportive wife and two adventurous kids, has been diagnosed with a very severe case of bone cancer for 1 year now. Since this type of cancer is so severe, chemotherapy is starting to not work as well. Paul’s oncologist unfortunately had to suggest a final option for Paul to try which was a clinical research trial. Clinical research trials are experimental studies that deem whether or not a medical drug, treatment, surgery, or device is safe and beneficial for humans to use ("National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"). As explained in Marcia Angell’s Article, “The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World”, the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Health Organization (WHO) provides a guideline

Each of 30 interviewers was asked to recruit 14 subjects (convenience sample of 7 males and 7 females aged between 18 and 80 years old)

Carney Landis a man that studied facial expressions that accompany strong emotions. There are about 10 different ways I can imagine this study being brought to life by looking at the subjects interest to see how they react to different things. But Carney Landis had other ideas and quite frankly these ideas go completely against The ethical considerations in Research that the American Psychological Association had comprised. There are about five different guidelines consisting of, The protection from harm which would give a study a bigger amount of participants due to that fact they know nothing harmful would happen to them. Informed consent so the participant has full knowledge of what can happen while being involved with the study, from the information the participant gathers and

The APA ethical guidelines help to ensure that all psychological research maintains the integrity that it does not do harm or conflicts with the majority of the human populations moral ethical codes. However, in some situations the APA ethical guidelines must be viewed as just that: guidelines. If a study has the potential to benefit humanity as a whole and does not result in the permanent or irreparable harm to a human being then some guidelines must be permitted to be stretched or even broken in the interest of human advancement and scientific progression. After all the goal and responsibility of a psychologist is to enhance our understanding of human behavior as well as to find ways to use this information to better society and humanity

The importance of ethics in social psychology is to ensure that participants are treated fairly throughout the entire research process. The way to ensure fairness is to give participants knowledge and exactly what to expect during the study. Researchers are responsible for preventing participants from harm according to the APA Code of Ethics. The best way to protect participants during a study is to keep participants’ information and responses anonymous and confidential. Researchers must also avoid distress for participants during the study and after also as a means of protecting the client from harm.

Each participant was presented a consent form electronically, and confidentiality was maintained throughout the process. (See Appendix A.) Steps taken to ensure the confidentiality of the respondents included assigning an alias name or number to each respondent requesting such, presenting the consent form that explained to participants that they had been selected to participate in the study, and minimizing “off the record” conversations. The only identification of individual interview data in reports was by subjects’ MASSP

Psychological research has been growing and developing new ways of studying human behavior, collecting knowledge and expanding our understanding of our nature. For instance, studies involving human subjects presented risks for violation of ethical research guidelines, by pushing the limits of human experience (Kim, 2012). Throughout history, there have been numerous studies that elevated this concern, such as the Milgram Experiment of 1963. One of the major ethical raised was that it lacked informed consent from the participants and eventually raised the issue of protecting human subjects. This paper examines the ethical compliance in psychological research and emphasizes the importance of ethics and professionalism by analyzing different

1.It's so difficult for people to do the right thing because doing the wrong thing because doing the wrong thing is easier than doing the right thing.Some people also derive pleasure from doing the wrong thing

Ethical issues in the healthcare field ARISE from different perspectives of individuals rights and clinical research. There have been many advances in technology for the treatment of cancer that come from clinical research have CREATED many new ethical problems. Bone marrow transplantation is a major case where research has the potential benefit, but RESOURCES provide this life-saving option are scarce. Bone marrow is a spongy type tissue inside some of the bones in the body, which includes the thigh and hip bones. A bone marrow contains immature cells, called stem cells. There are two types of bone marrow there is yellow bone marrow which is a fatty tissue and red bone marrow, known as myeloid tissue. Yellow bone marrow CONTAINS mesenchymal stem cells

Each of them has been recorded and abruptly transcribed so that it is possible to have access to all the data that could be required for a future study on the subject, since it would be impossible to replicate the study. In fact, when an interview method is used for a study, with the decrease of rigid structure, reliability decreases too. However the author's choice of using this method is understandable since the aim of the study was to show how does it feels living outside the constructed structure of society and no other method could be more accurate in the description of this. Interviews allow a deep analysis of facts are one of the most powerful ways for getting the story behind a participant’s experiences (McNamara, 1999).

Our country was founded on certain moral principles. The moral principles which guide our lives are referred to as ethics. These ethics have an impact on how we interact with the world around us and shape our personalities; this happens even if we do not realize their immediate impact. It is for this very reason that ethics in psychological research became necessary. “One may also define ethics as a method, procedure, or perspective for deciding how to act and for analyzing complex problems and issues” (Resnik, 2011). We are expected to behave or be treated a particular way in society, therefore we should be granted certain ethical treatments in regards to research.

Two ethical questions that immediately come to mind from the lecture are” protection of research participants from harm/Harm of research participants outweighs the good of the research” and “informed consent/ deception.”

In 1979 the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research drafted The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Within this report, the National Commission identified three ethical principles that are the foundation for research ethics and the field of bioethics. These principles are respect for persons (also known as autonomy), beneficence and justice. While these three principles are supposed to hold equal moral theoretically and practically, there are times when one principle is given more weight. The purpose of this essay is to place these three principles within the context of pediatric research to understand their practical application and how tension may arise between the three principles. First, their practical application.

As a research practitioner I feel one of the most important issues related to the ethical responsibility of researchers is the protection of human subjects. Before being faced with some of the practical realities of research through coursework and these doctoral classes I found that my ideas and impression of the types of studies I wanted to conduct did not give adequate consideration to the subjects I wanted to explore. If a key component of research is to leave subjects better than the were originally researchers must approach have their best interest in mind from the construction of the hypothesis to the writing of the thesis.