Ethical Controversy: The Ethics Of Human Experimentation

Denis Diderot once said, “There are three principal means of acquiring knowledge... observation of nature, reflection, and experimentation. Observation collects facts; reflection combines them; experimentation verifies the result of that combination.” Denis Diderot discusses the overall way to obtain information. When wanting to know statistics, numerous experiments need to be performed in order to provide accurate results. Through the abundant of experiments performed, human experimentation is one of those tests. Upon hearing the words “human experimentation,” individuals automatically assume grotesque, immoral, and unethical tests being conducted on people. However, this is untrue because experimenting on humans is beneficial to the citizens

I am the opposition and I am against human experimentation.I am against human experimentation because it harms people.I say this because multiple people have been murdered by these experiments for over the past 100 years.In the experimentation people have been saved,but the experiment could have had a sin affect that affected the person. The sin affect could then go extremely wrong,and could lead that person to death.

When it comes to the topic of experimenting on animals to gain information on the human body, brain, and mind, a controversial issue has been whether animal testing is effective for humans or not. On one hand, many people are against the animal testing and experimentation, arguing that using animals as a way to obtain information is ineffective. On the other hand, some argue that it’s effective, the information obtained from animals has helped discover treatments for diseases allowing humans and animals to be healthy and move forward in life. I agree that animal testing is viable because it advances human and animal health, allowing us to move forward in life, and live a long, and healthy existence.

weaknesses. The content of this book is relevant to my project, as it examines ethics in

For centuries, the ethics of animal experimentation in the biomedical field have been questioned. The primary concern is whether the animals used in research outweigh the pain the animals endure. Animal rights activists will argue that there are new alternatives, which are more accurate than animal testing. The success of animal trials has continued the use by scientists within the medical field. Additionally, testing on animals eliminate harm to humans. The first Animal Cruelty Act was created in 1835 to regulate the use of animals for scientific purposes (Franco, 2013). According to Franco (2013, p. 256). the “enactment of the 1986 Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act remains the only known legislation to regulate animal experiments for nearly 50 years.” Even so, there will continue to be two sides of animal research. One side believes, without animal research there would not be the medical advancements and on the other hand, the use of animal research is unethical. Finding new alternatives may also be even more beneficial than animal testing. The medical field should seek alternatives to animal research or the methods are refined to reduce unethical.

Advancements in medical technology can be associated in great part to human experimentation. It is widely known that medicine created for humans, in order to be proven effective, must undergo human clinical trials. When this form of experimentation is voluntary it benefits all of humanity. It just so happens that unfortunately, sometimes volunteers are misinformed of the dangers of the trial or are tested without their knowledge. This world wide issue has been attempted to be remedied through laws and regulations, but loopholes can still be found within them. Time has proved to the world that these laws are simply not enough. Stricter laws should be enacted to prevent the world's history of unethical human experimentation from repeating

The ethics in the mistreatment of animals in experiments are constantly surpassed when in reality there are numerous alternative methods that satisfy the standards. Due to advancements in knowledge of animal cognition, it is known that animals possess human characteristics

But it is not always easy to follow as the following obnoxious example from Nazi experiments shows. Caplan suggests. “While the experiments are universally regarded as brutal crimes under the guise of medical research, they have long been the focus of heated debates about the use of results from unethical studies. Some scientists have called for free use of such findings while others have urged a total ban.”3 The question here is if bad ethical practices that resulted in knowledge should be banned and ignored. In my opinion we should not. That does not mean accepting the bad practices. The case presented by Caplan is extremely unethical but there are many others dubious cases like the use of animals in experiments that actually lead to knowledge even when the ethical basis of the experiment could be

Thousands of animals every year are euthanized due to animal testing. Animal testing is cruel and an inhumane way to torture animals for mankind’s own benefit. Because of our selfish, millions of animals suffered a vicious and painful death in the name of research every year. Animals are frequently used in biological and medical research, in the testing of drugs and commercial products, and in educational exercises in the sciences. So, can we ask ourselves, deeply in mind, that is it worth to use animal as an experiment project to enlarge our knowledge and save human lives? People are using animal on experiments is because they are trying to provide a better life to all human-being. This action stirred controversy involving the benefits

The practice of experimentation on live animals as known as vivisection is prevalent since the old roman days. In the name of Science, Animals are being mistreated, exploited and murdered worldwide. Animal are used in experimentation to meet human interest, in research and to test product and this has been a subject of conflicts for decades. Animal-based research is used not only in the field of medicine but also in agriculture, scientific research, and in military experiment. Animal experimentation is believed to be a necessity in the health welfare of human beings and for that, every year over hundred million of animals are being killed for research purposes (USDA). Last year experiments on 2.6 million animals of which only 1266 were used on cosmetic testing (the Australian, 1988.p.14). Before a product is claimed as human-friendly, countless animal friends are being poisoned, tortured or killed. Although people benefits from animal research it is simply against ethical principal. However Medical experiments are regarded quite justifiable since it is driven by necessity while cosmetic testing is not. Therefore, necessary medical testing can be balanced against the

There is tremendous amount of debates that go on in this world on a daily basis. One of the most talked about debates of the century is that of animal rights and experimentations. This debate, also known in the animal rights community as vivisection, is one of the most difficult to understand. Individuals have numerous different outlooks on animals. Many individuals view animals as friends when others look upon animals as an object of the advancement of medical technologies. No matter what ones perception is about animals, the fact is that animals are being tortured by research facilities and cosmetics companies on a daily basis. In spite of the fact that humans frequently benefit from successful animal experimentations, the pain, and occasionally

Since the United States approved the regulations that controls the research on human subjects in 1970s, there have been many discussions and arguments concerning this approval on research on humans; the issues focuses clinical research like the risk management, the use of substances (drugs) with no therapeutic effect – placebos in a group, selecting random sample of a population, informed consent, adverse events and investigation on susceptible populations. “ Most of those controversial researches no human subjects were the Department of Energy’s secret human radiation experimental exercise, HIV research in developed countries, and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study have been about medical

are used for skin sensation such as rashes, ulcers, inflammation, and itchiness. 7 rats are tested for oral toxicity through force feeding resulting in diarrhea,

Experimentation of animals has animal rights advocates and some scientists questioning the effectiveness and validity that animal testing has a meaningful impact on medical advancement. Dating back to the 2nd century B.C., early Greek scientists performed experiments on living animals for the purpose of advancing their knowledge and understanding of the human body. However, recent research has proven that animals rarely serve as good models for the human body (Animal Testing, 2015). Everyone agrees that animals are used for research. Some people believe that it is unethical treatment of animals, while others believe that animal testing is necessary for the advancement of improving human health. (People for the, 2014). Experimentation on animals is costly, unethical, and unreliable, and should be prohibited.

Did you know that our of the 767.622 animals used in research and experimentation forty percent undergo cruel and unethical experiments? That is almost half of all the animals used in experimentation. Some animal researchers claim that the animals they are experimenting on are dealt with ethically. But the statistics show otherwise. Over the past year, 100 million animals have died during these experimentations. Including monkeys, birds, fish, dogs, cats, hamsters, frogs, mice, rats, guinea pigs, and much more that have not been mentioned. Based on these facts, it can said that even though animal experimentation has helped further some medical research and knowledge, we should not depend on it because it is inhumane, unethical, and unreliable.