Ethical Explanations Of Informed Consent

The Doctor and Patient relationship aspect of Medicine has changed drastically in the last twenty years. It has evolved from paternalism (the doctor makes the decision for the patient) to shared decision making where the patient is considered an equal partner in his/her own health related decisions. Informed consent is the cornerstone for this view. When a patient or a research subject makes an autonomous decision after understanding, the risks and benefits involved with the decision is Informed consent. Complete Informed consent covers the following components: competency, disclosure, comprehension and voluntary. Competency refers to the requirement for the individual to be of legal age and be mentally competent to understand the process.

In this case, the night of January 11, 1983, Nancy Cruzan was driving a car and lost control of her car as she traveled down Elm Road in Jasper County, Missouri. The car overturned, and Nancy Cruzan was discovered lying face down in a ditch without detectable respiratory and cardiac function. Paramedics were able to restore her breathing and heartbeat at the accident site and she was transported to a hospital in an unconscious state. Then neurosurgeon diagnosed her and found that she is having sustained probable cerebral contusions compounded by significant anoxia (lack of oxygen). The Missouri trial court found that permanent brain damage generally results after 6 minutes in an anoxic state and Nancy was in this stage for 12 to 14 minutes.

Our study will comply with standard ethical research procedures. We will obtain informed consent from our participants before they participate in our study. Our potential participants will be fully informed about what will happen during our study; in addition, they will understand the effects that our study will have on them and our research (Grinnell, Unrau, and Williams, 2014). We will not use bribery, deception, threats, or any other forms of coercion in order to gain participants for our study. The physical/emotional safety of the participants will come before the research; therefore, we will adhere to all ethical research procedures.

In healthcare, it is important to establish an informed consent. Informed consent is a process by which a client or client legal representative and the healthcare provider engage in a discussion about a course of medical treatment. It includes the risk of treatment, benefit, possible harm and consequences as well as alternatives provided by the healthcare practitioner or physicians in an understandable manner (Blais, K. & Hayes, J. S., 2016, p.85). Informed consent takes into consideration the safety of the patient. It allows the patients to ask questions about the procedures and discuss any concerns; by doing so can help improve patient outcomes and prevent medical errors.

According to According to (Gerald, Corey, Schneider, & Callanan, 2015) “Informed consent involves the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to it” (p.154). Section B of the ASCA National standards for School Counselors states “Recognize that providing services to minors in a school setting requires school counselors to collaborate with students’ parents/ guardians as appropriate” (pg.6). Since I will be working in the school system. I have to be aware that parents and guardians are heavily involved with the student’s school counseling experience.

The informed consent should indicate the participant has read, and understands the details of the study. A statement regarding the maintenance of privacy, confidentiality, and right to decline to participate is included on the consent form, and discussed with each participant prior to the beginning of any interviews. One copy of the consent form is provided to the participant for their records, with the original signed copy is maintained by the researcher in safe

In an elective, non-emergency procedure, an informed consent is a physician’s obligation to provide their patient with information to help them in making the best possible decision for their care. Likewise, the patient acknowledges that they have reviewed and understand the information provided. There are three things that an informed consent addresses including, information about the recommended procedure, any available alternatives, and the risks associated with the procedure, and alternatives (Mazur, 2013). Furthermore, it provides an opportunity for the patient to ask the doctor additional questions they may have (Mazur, 2013). In an emergency situation, an informed consent is not required and is considered “implied,” as long as the [conscious and competent] patient or their authorized representative have not refused treatment (Showalter, 2015, p. 367).

A well given informed consent should include information, comprehension, voluntary and all those should be respect and given to the participants. The researcher are responsible to explain to the individual involved in research about potential risk in way that is comprehensive and then let them decide on their own if they agree to participate. For minor participants, their parents are responsible to consent for them. In case of Tuskegee study, participants were given wrong information about their treatment and never gave informed consent to the researchers. Beneficence is the responsibility of researchers to maximize the benefits of participants and minimize the risk. At this point researcher can explore if there are other possibility to get what they want in a simpler way, for instance they may decide to use animal rather than using human being in the research. Lastly, justice is about equal distribution of benefit and risks from the research, and all society should equally get involved, not one group waiting for the benefit whereas other us bearing the risks. Another part of justice is to guarantee the participants to get everything promised and not excessively hurt them, furthermore, the research should not target a vulnerable population based on their social status or economical

I made an informed consent form. In the informed consent form, I explained the purpose of the study, the methodology of the study and that I will ensure confidentiality by having no identifying information on the questionnaire. None of the participants raised concerns about their rights as a participant. One participant did ask about the purpose of the informed consent.

Very true when you say that informed consent is the core of autonomy, because the patient has the right to accept or not the indicated treatment although their decision endangers their lifes. Our responsibility is to educate the patient and family about the accepted benefits the risk and complications and fully express their treatment. “Emancipated minors are persons under the legal age who are no longer under their parents’ control and regulation and who are managing their own financial affairs” (Guido, 2014, p.127). In Puerto Rico it can be signed for people 21 years old and only if these are emancipated or married is when they can decide about their care, people under 21 need the consent of their parents or legal guardian unless it is an

First and foremost the participants must be voluntary. In all ethical research when conducting research there must be willing participants. Research has shown that when participants volunteer they shouldn’t feel coerced, threatened or bribed into participation. Second, informed consent must be described at the onset of the study. Participants are told about the procedures and informed of any potential risks; there also should be documented in written form, ensuring the participant know about the experiment and can make informed decisions about whether or not they want to participate. Meanwhile, this can present problems in cases where telling the participants the necessary details about the experiment might unduly influence their responses or behaviors in the study. However, it is stated in this article which allows in certain instances, but only if the study would be impossible to conduct without the use of deception, if the research will provide some sort of valuable insight and if the subjects will be debriefed and informed about the study's true purpose after the data has been collected searchers Must Maintain Participant Confidentiality. Finally, while guidelines can provide some ethical standards for research, each study can pose different unique challenges. Likewise, confidentiality is a part of any ethical research. Participants need to be guaranteed that

Informed consent in an ethical concept that all patients should understand and agree to the potential consequences of their care. This consent has a guideline that details the necessary details of its elements for it to be effective.

People are not clear what is expected of them when they agree to participate in the study. The situation presented directly violates general principles of ethical research. The situation states that people is not clear what is expected from them, meaning they do not have a complete understanding of the study. This shows how the study is not adhering to one of main principles of ethical research, informed consent. Informed consent in the context of research means that participants must have a complete understanding of possible risks involved in the study. This study does not tell what participants what is expected from them and thus could be leaving out information about the risks of the study. An issue that makes the research completed by this

In the 21st century Doctors and Researchers take informed consent very seriously. What is informed consent? Informed consent is the patient rights of awareness of treatment the doctor intends to give. Four guidelines/ rules are followed to confirm the patient has informed consent. Knowing the information about the study and telling patient specific details that will help them understand what will be occur during treatment/ research. The role the patient will have about the study. The contact information of the researcher/ doctor so patients can choose to back out of treatment anytime. The patient should know the risks and Benefits of the research. Patients should be aware of any possible adverse side effects and if there is no personal benefit, then the benefit of the research/ treatment for the overall population because of the study. Doctors and Researchers today initiate these guidelines when giving treatment or asking patient to participate in experiments/ studies. However it hasn’t always hasn’t been the case.

I understand your situation in dealing with the informed consent; however I have not had to deal with no one providing the information requested. I am constantly questioning the nurse witnessing the consent. At our facility, a few new physicians have begun working and performing small procedures. These physicians obtain the informed consent themselves, the entire consent. I love the way this works. I feel that it provides the patient with valid information and time to ask important questions before signing. The physician is with them every step of the way. I wish it was like this for all procedures at our facility. Even though our physicians provide the information, it is not always done in front of the nurse. I would like to see a more detailed