Ethical Issues Of The Trolley Problem

So what are some of the ethical issues that deal with driverless cars and should we expect robot cars to be more ethical than human drivers? Another question automakers of the driverless car will have to answer is who will be held responsible when a driverless car has an accident with another vehicle? Can a driverless car make a judgment call when it’s faced with avoiding an accident between a shopping cart and a baby carriage? Technologist ethicists are pushing to have these questions of moral and ethical judgments answered during the design phase. (Headrick, 2014). Oops, they may be a little late when it comes to driverless cars. But there is still time, experts predict that 75 percent of cars will be self-driving by 2040. (Bailey, 2014)

The automated vehicles is not fully established to society and has not been fully completed so far so we do not know specifically if the automated vehicles will cause or get into accidents but it is bound to happen. Since the autonomous car is driverless it is run by algorithms of artificial intelligence and micro robotic related components to function. What would happened if you put the autonomous car in a position where it had to choose to be in different types of accidents for e.g. A young kid, a cyclist with protective gear such as a helmet and pads or another car that a person is in that could become way worse and harm even more people. These are all issues that surround the “Rights Theory” and that if this automated vehicles becomes established in the future this will be very different and unique due to the fact that it is driverless so who is to blame and in rough situations who would it decide to harm in an accident since this is artificial intelligence we should have the right to know everything about this, the ins and outs of what could or would happen before releasing this into the public. And having the rights theory viewpoint I think it would be best to have it come without any pre-determined decide in advance in the decision making and function and

Utilitarianism is an ethical principle that states that everyone should act in the way that will bring out the most good for the majority. If this were true then most people would make the decision to save five people even if it required murder or one. The Trolley Problem dives right into this core issue by describing a decision making scenario. Utilitarianism is damaged as an ethical theory because it oversimplifies this decision, and other decisions like it, strictly on outcome.

First driverless cars are much less likely to crash. In fact “The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that between 93 percent and 95 percent of car accidents are caused by human error” (par. 5, Tribune). This study displays

Unlike what is emphasized by Obama in Extract 1, vast social reforms, immense welfare program, infrastructure-building were underway in Libya. As have been mentioned previously, Libya was one of the Africa’s most prosperous country due to the reforms that were done under Gaddafi’s regime. And as a result, by the time the 2011 crisis was unfolding, few people, mainly in the western world, were inclined to have any sympathy for Gaddafi or take any of his claims seriously, and the attempt of showing Gaddafi in a bad light quickly spread through the western mainstream media and Gaddafi had become hated in the western world. But the trigging factor is that, contrary to popular belief which had been transmitted by so many people, like Barack Obama, Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, whom was often portrayed as “tyrant” and “dictator” was in fact, Africa’s most prosperous democracy-according to the United Nations Development Index, prior to the U.S.-led intervention in 2011; according to the same index(see fig6), Libya had the highest GDP per capta, the lowest infant mortality and the highest life expectancy in all of Africa(see

The new idea of having driverless cars everywhere is a recent development in the works. People have dreamed of having driverless cars for years and they are starting to become a reality. At the same time, there is currently semi-driverless cars that require the driver to pay attention and place their hands on the steering wheel to maneuver the car every once in a while. Sooner or later, driverless cars will be introduced to the public road. The current situation is safety on the road. Driverless cars are in mind to help resolve a number of car accidents that occur

Many great technological feats have been accomplished in the past few years, one of the most notable would be the creation of self-driving cars. Along with the topic of what can be done with this technology, there is also the topic of what should be done with the technology from an ethical standpoint. Self-driving cars while not perfected are worth their innumerous benefits, despite the current limitations and drawbacks. Every year there are numerous incidents where the driver is responsible for a crash or even death. A self-driving car could be the very solution necessary to solving the abundance of accidents that occur daily across the nation. There are different levels of automation ranging on the amount of the drivers control of the vehicles. This technology is already being implemented in creative and helpful ways, and has been successfully tested.

Utilitarianism can be defined as the theory that maximizes the benefits of the majority by taking the best action. Take the trolley problem, for example. From a utilitarian standpoint, the best action would be to save the most people regardless of the situation. However, because we are the ones to decide whether flipping the switch is a good idea or a bad one; it depends on who we are and what the situation is. For example, one person might agree with the utilitarian; and is confident that it is best to save the most lives as well. Another person might not be decisive and it will be too late, and another person might understand the situation, but will not do a thing about it because they question whether they should play god and decide on other

There has been much controversy over the claim that driverless cars are the future of travel. Many people are uncertain of the new advances in the technology. This is why the idea that we could possibly one day be riding in self-driving with the assurance that everything is under control is amazing (Weber.) In recent years developments have been underway to make driverless a reality, but there are still many obstacles to try and overcome. The invention of anti-lock brakes to cruise control has greatly relieved the stress of driving for many travelers ("How a Driverless Car Will Benefit You.”) The progress of technology in modern times has greatly aided drivers. The stability of automobiles has come a long way since the days of Guido da Vigevano

Mant skeptics wonder how do you go about programming ethics into a car? These people cite the trolley problem as a thought experiment in automated vehicular decision making. Noah J Goodall who works with the Virginia Transportation Services wrote an article on the difficulties of having to quite literally program ethics into a car. Driving involves inherent risk and these self driving vehicles must be a comprehensive exercise in risk management. However, doing so can have unintended consequences. Goodall explains that self driving cars make judgement calls as it is to break the law. For example, Google allows their cars to go faster than designated speed limits to keep up with the flow of traffic as going slower might be dangerous to the vehicle and its occupants. Even in following the law Google’s cars make small ethical decisions. A 2014 patent was filed describing how Google’s cars position themselves within a lane closer to a small vehicle than a large one to maximize the vehicle’s safety. However, in programming cars to behave a certain way, humans are creating unintentional consequences in a device that takes everything literally. A simple example of this is what if cars were designed to prioritize the life of the pedestrian over all others. In the event a crash is imminent with a pedestrian the car is forced to swerve, this could kill the passenger or other people in society. In

The article taken from CQR is titled “Future of Cars: CQR”, and focuses on development, legality, public opinion, cost and environmental benefits of driverless cars stating simply the facts and statistics of the matter. Written by David Hosansky, a writer twice nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. However, he is by no means an authoritative source on automobiles, as his forte is environmental issues. This does not discredit his research; it enhances the debate by bringing in a unique idea about the benefits of autonomy.

Technology can always bring a lot of convenience to human’s life. To some extent, nowadays, people cannot live without technology products because it already became a part of people’s life. High technology now is affecting cars. Recently, driverless car become one of the most discussed topics about high technology. Some scholars considered that using driverless cars around city can improve the development of high technology. The others are thinking about ethics issues, and they disagree about using driverless cars. The way to considering this problem can be generally separated to two parts: social development and passenger experience.

For years in Libya, there has been a very corrupt government. There was a dictator in power, his name was Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Qaddafi. This lasted from the years of 1969 to 2011. His dictatorship and

Throughout life, individuals are often faced with a multitude of moral dilemmas which can be difficult to assess given the factors of the situation and consequences, based on what is right and wrong. In this paper I will be assessing the Trolley Problem in relation to Utilitarianism and Deontology and will conclude which theory is the best way to behave given the situation. In the first paragraph, I will begin by discussing the Trolley Problem followed by the next paragraph’s which will explaining how Utilitarianism and Deontology would approach the situation. Furthermore, I will be discussing which theory I believe is right in regards to the best way to behaving in society, given the possible outcomes of the problem. Since the moral issue of killing and letting die are close in hand, Deontology is the only explainable way to behave because this theory approaches all situations in regard to what is fair and acceptable for all, while Utilitarianism takes an approach that degrades humanity and differs from person to person.

Libya’s history over the last century has been an eventful one. Even by Middle Eastern standards it is an extraordinary odyssey. From Ottoman backwater to Italy’s colonisation of Libya in 1911; Gaddafi’s military coup in 1969 to overthrow the king; the US airstrikes of 1986; the Lockerbie case and to the civil war of 2011. We will discuss these events and look into any to foreign policy passed during these events as well as their effectiveness and legality. I hypothesise that, when looking at all the events together, there may be a pattern of sorts that can be seen in Libya’s history.