Ethical Principles Of Research In Education

They used these participants for study. This study lasted 40 years. In 1979, the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research were published (The Belmont Report). The Belmont Report proposed the following three basic principles for the evaluation of research involving human subjects:

If one was to ask the question, “What do ethics mean to you?” These responses would be likely to follow. “Ethics is what my feelings tell me is right or wrong.” “Ethics have to do with my religious beliefs.” “Being ethical means following the laws.” Those replies would be expected. Many do relate ethics with their feelings, but it is not a matter of following feelings. In fact, we will often times stray from living ethically if we were guided by our feelings. Although religions urge high ethical standards, if ethics were limited to religion, ethics would only apply to religious people. Following the law is not the same as being ethical. Ethical standards may be incorporated in the law, but laws, won’t always conform to

A 46-year-old man is currently enrolled in a Phase 2 study of a drug for severe diabetic neuropathy. While the study is on going, a new drug becomes commercially available that may have equal or greater benefit to the subject. The investigator should do which of the following?

Diabetes is a serious medical condition that can also be a risk factor for the development of many different diseases and conditions including dementia, heart disease, and CVA. Thus, effective management of diabetes is very important. Patient compliance can be difficult to achieve if the person affected with diabetes is not educated about the illness or treatment, has not fully accepted the diagnosis or its severity, will not change habits or believes that the prescribed treatment regime is too difficult or ineffective, has cultural beliefs conflicting with the treatment regime, experiences stressful events, lacks social support, or suffers from psychiatric issues unrelated to diabetes (Gerard, Griffin, & Fitzpatrick, 2010). As one may expect, adequate education programs are essential tools when dealing with diabetics. Solid education will provide the patient with information as well as teaching the necessary skills to manage the disorder. The primary focus of any diabetes education program must be to empower patients as a part of the multidisciplinary team. This team should be focused at integrating diabetes into the lives of the patients and this focus should be based on the decisions made by the patient, otherwise the treatment plan can be looked on as forced (Gerald et al., 2010). Every patient stricken with diabetes has the right to benefit from an education program of this type. First, basic education and facts should be administered directly following the diagnosis of

P2 Understand ethical issues relating to research in health and social care Ethical principles Protection from harm- In any health care setting it is always important to make sure that all the individuals in all the aspects of the area are being protected from harm. In any organization the most important policy is the protection policy this enables the staff to make sure that all the individuals feel safe. Protection from harm does not only mean being protected from abuse It could be protecting people's health and wellbeing and enabling them to live free from harm, neglect and abuse.

After termination of the study, the government implemented and has regulated several changes that impact nursing and public policy today. After ethical concerns had been publically raised and the study was terminated, the National Research Act was signed into law in 1974. This policy was used in the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, which proved helpful in identifying policy issues such as the lack of identified basic principles of research conduct and lack of informed consent. Regulations were passed according to this panel’s recommendations that required voluntary consent from all persons involved in studies which are funded or conducted by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW) (CDC, 2013). For nurses, this involves a responsibility to ensure that research participants are advocated for and the consent being obtained is used as an educational, informative

In 1974, the National Research Act was signed into law. This led to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of the Biomedical and Behavioral Research. This policy change involved new principles to govern research conduct and ways through which these principles were to be followed. Also in addition, laws were passed in 1974 that required researchers to get adequate, voluntary and informed consent from all persons taking part in studies done or funded by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW). A law was also made to make it a requirement that all researches involving human subjects be reviewed by Institutional Review Boards.

The Belmont Report: Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. Retrieved December 13, 2011, from hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html

I believe the guidelines put forth in the Belmont Report and implemented into the Common Rule are necessary to ensure the safety of human research subjects. These rules are designed to protect both the research subject(s) and the scientists/doctors conducing the research.

The Belmont Report identified three principles essential to the ethical conduct of research with humans:

Now we have the Belmont Report and the Declaration of Helsinki to guide researchers in the most ethical direction when they are conducting their research for studies. Luckily now researchers have to basically write out their entire plan throughout the study step by step. They must write out any way that the human subject may be harmed, what they will do if someone is harmed, any potential costs, and much more. Once all of this is written out researchers then have to get their study approved before they can move forward with their study (Neutens & Rubinson, 2014). The steps that have to be taken to conduct research may seem like a lot, however, it may save a lot of time and energy in court if something happens to go wrong during the trial.

There are three basic ethical principles that researchers should adhere while conducting research. The three

Pharmacist will populate referring physician’s EHRs with program notes for the patient (participation, any barriers to adherence identified in discussions, BP and/or A1c readings captured during follow-up, and etc.). Physician will use these notes to inform treatment plan and discussions during patient’s next

Pointing out the multiple team approach for diabetes care which may include referrals and future testing dependent upon findings. Examples of possible referral and future testing includes: education referral to certified diabetes educator for comprehensive diabetes education, with focus centered on the impact of diabetes and glycemic control upon the development of comorbidities and multiple body systems. Referral may consist of podiatry/orthopedic/neurology/surgical intervention in the event of peripheral neuropathy and associated complications. Most importantly emphasizing the impact of glycemic control as a primary prevention in the development of micro and macro vascular comorbidities which affect the entire body systems and the overall health of the patient. Referral for comprehensive dental exam, dilated eye exam and dietitian for medical nutrition therapy education and mental health as needed (ADA, 2017). Referral for family planning needs with females considering pregnancy who have not met glycemic control should for extensive education and initiation of self-glucose monitoring. Of importance, in the event of pregnancy, oral agents deemed teratogenic must be stopped and replaced with insulin therapy (Childs, Cypress, & Spollet,

According to Creshwell (2009) in the preparation of a scholarly manuscript, the writer must pay attention not to exploit, mislead, harm or further marginalize the participants. Researcher must be objective and are charged with exploring bias and or areas of ethical concern; including but not limited to personal bias and beliefs. Scholarly research is seeking to answer questions that could explain something of concern, or to describe causal relationships. Research should be geared toward improving social issues and empowering the participants. Not an avenue to suppress, falsify or invent findings to meet a researcher’s needs.