Ethical Research In The Mid-Twentieth Century

Studies like the one in the Film “The Deadly Deception” where unethical studies with someone being experimented on and the tester didn’t fully explain the risks and the real dangers involved but the

The National Association of Social Workers states “The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty” (NASW, 2017, p. 1). Social work has always been around due to the constant reality of poverty but was not an actual job title until Jane Addams a Quaker woman in 1889 opened up her organization the Hull House. She began drawing attention to the needs of people in America by getting involved with politics with the goal of introducing laws that would help people in need. Before Jane Addams brought attention to the issues, churches were doing their best

Ethical dilemmas occur when there is a disagreement about a situation and all parties involved question how they should behave based on their individual ethical morals. (Newman & Pollnitz, 2005). The dilemma that I will be addressing in this essay involves Michael, recently employed male educator working in the nursery, and parents of a baby enrolled at the centre. The parents have raised concerns about male educators changing their child’s nappy as they have cultural practices that do not allow this practice to take place. This situation is classed as an ethical dilemma as there is a dispute between cultural beliefs and legal requirements within the workplace. There are four parties involved (parents, child, educator and director), all

If one was to ask the question, “What do ethics mean to you?” These responses would be likely to follow. “Ethics is what my feelings tell me is right or wrong.” “Ethics have to do with my religious beliefs.” “Being ethical means following the laws.” Those replies would be expected. Many do relate ethics with their feelings, but it is not a matter of following feelings. In fact, we will often times stray from living ethically if we were guided by our feelings. Although religions urge high ethical standards, if ethics were limited to religion, ethics would only apply to religious people. Following the law is not the same as being ethical. Ethical standards may be incorporated in the law, but laws, won’t always conform to

Based from this experiments, The Belmont Report Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research was submitted in April 18,1979 to …….? (“Impact,” n.d.).

The Helsinki declaration was founded in 1964 and since here they have been updating principles of good practice in this kinds of experiments. They say, “Welfare of animals used for research must be respected”. Since here the ethical views for non-humans subjects started. Later on the APA gave instructions to determine whether an experiments on animals is acceptable or not. For example animal research should not harm the animal or distress it on any way. If the researchers don’t follow this code, they wont be allowed to keep on with the experiment.

The client Suzanne is a seven year old girl placed in a treatment center for emotionally disturbed children. This center helps children ages six through twelve years old. Suzanne has been diagnosed with an attachment disorder and has been placed in a group home for two years. There are two types of attachment disorders, attachment and reactive attachment (Smith, 2014). She has been meeting with a facility caseworker weekly for the last eight months. Her three year old sister, Cindy, is also placed in the facility with her. Parental rights are currently being processed to be terminated. The caseworker is looking into alternative long-term placement for the sisters. Each sister has a

For example, the British Army tested on the Irish and the natives to see the effects of mustard gas on different skin colors. The United States tested infectious diseases on the army by contaminating them via injection. None of these incidents brought upon changes in laws or regulations. Only one main research abomination caused a set of rules to be established. It was 1947; German doctors conducted experiments on the concentration camps’ population. Experiments were often deadly or highly debilitating. After the war was over, these doctors were prosecuted. These trials came to be known as the Nuremberg Trials which allowed for the Nuremberg Code to be created and enforced world-wide. This code states that any subject who participates in an experiment must give voluntary consent and that it is absolutely essential for any medical trial to continue. This was a break-through in moral codes. However, in this day and age we still manage to see researchers finding loop holes in order to bypass this code. More scrutiny of testing rules must be applied.

Looking at the history of human research experiments necessitates investigation into the background; why is it not sufficient to simply to undertake an experiment merely to broaden scientific study and understanding? Are not the psychologists and scientists ethical and professional? The answer is quite simply, not always. While many psychologists may have started their experiments with the best of intentions, there were a number that merely seized opportunities that were in their grasp. Hence, there came the need for the Belmont Report and the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Code of Ethics in direct response to testing on human subjects.

Science, medicine, and psychology are powerful tools capable of increasing human understanding of the world, curing diseases, or assisting individuals in living more fulfilling lives. The potential for good is drastic; however, a potential for hurt exists as well. Although history is full of stories documenting the positives of research, events of scientific research hurting individuals still haunt history. These events, including the Holocaust and the Tuskegee experiments, demonstrate instances where scientific research on human beings is clearly unethical and damaging. Due to horrific events such as these, the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research published the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research, or Belmont Report, in 1979.

These issues are all of ethical concerns, but are also legal concern according to the fact that is illegal to not completely attempt resuscitative efforts in the absence of a DNR.

Every day, there are scientist/ researchers conducting experiments, or studies, in order to try and prove facts about everyday life. In conducting these experiments, there are the normal, ethical experiments that have continuously gone to prove many different facts that most of us might have not even noticed about ourselves or one another, and then there are the few experiments that are deemed to be unethical and, although still have shown and proved to us different facts about ourselves, really can not be replicated once again because of the amount of controversy caused by them. The experiments and studies such as the Stanley Milgram Obedience experiment, the Stanford Prison and Guards experiment, the Bystander Effect, the David Reimer

Would you kill someone? Many will say no, but others in the past have said yes. In nature, animals survive by killing, as we do. Civilizations have battled for territory and resources. We kill to feed ourselves. In the present time, we only kill people when it is deemed acceptable, such as wars; however, during World War II, millions of people were treated less than human, forced into labor and killed on sight. Others were given a swift death by a bullet to the head while others died of starvation and disease. What makes this treatment of human even worse is how the Jewish people were targeted. Killing a specific group of people is called Genocide. A crime known to the U.N. as the worst crime a human can do. People in Europe in 1939 to 1945 were in terror due to war. Jews on the other hand had to endure punishment that no human deserves. The Holocaust serves as an event where millions died and suffered, it gave birth of the term “genocide”. Unspeakable acts were committed during the time, not only did people die, but many were treated less than human and many were troubled by it. Humans revolve with one another, when we do crimes such as genocide, it affects everyone but also the mind.

The applied ethical project I worked on was, should I speak up and encourage the other units in my housing complex that do not recycle to start recycling, or is it not my place to tell them what they should or should not do? I chose this project, because I currently live in a house that is split up in to five different units and I encountered this ethical issue on a daily basis, as I continued to see the other people from the other units throwing away items that were clearly recyclable. The common area has two large recycling cans outside, right beside the regular waste trash cans, so they have the means to recycle easily, yet the waste trash cans are overflowing and the recycling cans are nearly empty, other than what my husband and I recycle.

Throughout the ages, many experiments have been performed on willing and unwilling participants. Some experiments happened to be non-harming, while others caused much distress, pain, and sometimes death to the subjects. Human experimentation today has greatly transitioned due to past experiences for the better of the participants. Some of the past experiments that brought upon the changes in laws and standards were the Little Albert Experiment, Stanford Prison Experiment, human vivisection, and the Tuskegee Experiments. Safety has become the major concept in the laws for human experimentation due because of many experiments in the fields of medical and psychological studies. With the standards in experimentation