Ethical Treatment of Animals

Cohen argues that humans may morally use animals for biomedical research, the study of biological processes and disease, because animals lack rights. He defines rights as moral claims that one human can hold against another, which are bound in both law as well as in comprehension of right and wrong. As animals lack self-conscious placement in a higher ethical order with the ability to weigh needs of self against the needs of others, they therefore lack the ability to have rights. (Cohen 1986: p. 215) To support the morality of animal research, I will show how it has led to many successful treatments of disease in humans, due to the common physiology that we share with other animals. Furthermore, I will argue that the pain caused on research

Each year billions of animals are being tortured, blinded, scaled and used. Humans create these devastating events that occur. Animals experience pain and confusion throughout their life. There is great entertainment seeing animals in circuses and zoos but, there is a very dark side on how the animal performs. An elephant is beaten and trained until they are stripped from their spirit. Breeders are breeding large amount of animals, and shelters are becoming increasingly crowded. Animals are even sharing breathing space. The ignorance of our society is convincing that breeding animals are honorable. In reality, society is not just using animals for entertainment and breeding, but mass production of food. People are killing these animals

It comes to question as to whether or not animal-assisted therapy provides the correct treatment that it focuses on. When talking about animal-assisted therapy, poeple are using the presence of animals as a way to heal for therapeutic reasons. Targeting no specific patient, this practice is used throughout various age for various diseases and emotional, physical and intellectual disabilities. Animal-Assisted Therapy works to provide happiness throughout the rough times for any patient. Although a few individuals detest animal-assisted therapy because they believe that it utilizes inappropriate proprietorship as opposed to friendly companionship which follows a curative result. It is studied that animal-assisted therapy is an ethical therapeutic practice since it treats various disperses that may never be managed.

For thousands of years animals have been used as research subjects, but with the advancement of science and society, animal experimentation has morphed into a controversial bioethics topic. Animal experimentation is the use of animals in scientific research. This experimentation ranges from testing pharmaceuticals on rats to measuring the elasticity of tendons in rabbits to implanting mechanical devices in calves. And while the FDA has dozens of guidelines to keep animal testing as ethical as possible, a strong opposition to animal research (particularly mammalian research) still exists.

Have you ever wondered if we need nature more than nature needs us? Anthony Brandt, the author of “When Nature Comes too Close,” writes that nature causes many problems. He shows this by stating only negative things about nature and not the positive things in nature. Humans and nature affect each other equally because humans spray harmful pesticides to protect their food supply, animals spread diseases that can be harmful to humans and humans and nature are able to exist together while benefiting each other. Humans spray harmful pesticides, which is both necessary and unnecessary.

The aim of this presentation is to highlight why animals research exists in the field of psychobiology and psychology. Firstly, an explanation of the benefits of conducting animal research, with research examples targeted at the central nervous system (CNS). Then, the focus is to highlight the ethical issues surrounding animal research, such as cruelty to animals and their rights. Thirdly we will be looking at the extent to which animal research has increased our understanding of human psychology. This is then followed by a brief summary of the main points covered in the presentation.

Animal testing dates back all the way to Greek physician scientists like Aristotle and Erasistratus. Greek scientist conducted experiments to understand the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology just like our scientists do today. The moral ethics of animal testing has always been questioned, but many cures and treatments have been found due to animal testing discoveries. Animal testing is necessary for humankind 's overall well being, as well as today 's society 's advancement to further the knowledge of the medical field.

The study of good and bad, right and wrong, moral principles or value held by a person or society, promoting human welfare, maximizing freedom minimizing pain and suffering is called ethics. The discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings and also the value and moral status of the environment and its non-human contents is called environmental ethics. It considers the ethical relationship between the humans and the environment. Animal and animal rights are the highlighted topic in the environmental ethics.

For my paper I chose the topic of animal testing because I have always been very passionate for animals and against animal abuse. I have never believed in animal testing and that there were always other alternatives. I wanted to look further into and educate myself about what is being done about this and why it is an ethical issue. I have come up with an axiom to summarize this topic. Testing animals in research revolves around the relative or moral value of humans and animals, and many different viewpoints helped to contribute to the development of ethical principles of animal treatment.

While testing the heart valves, scientists gained valuable knowledge concerning the rejection of transplanted valves, which could be extended to organ transplant procedures overall. The discoveries made and knowledge gained eventually led to the development of methods to suppress the immune system, allowing patients and doctors to avoid the complications of organ rejection. Unfortunately, suppressing the immune system of transplant patients may also permit infection to be introduced. The future transplants may lie in creating valves and from the tissue of the patient in need of a transplant, which could feasibly circumvent any complications from rejection without the suppression of the immune system.

As I have progressed through this journey, I feel as though I have gained a much greater insight into an issue, which is of far bigger global concern than I had initially realised. The basis of this investigation was to examine the social and ethical perspectives on animal testing and within that the tendency for human beings to classify and categorise forms of life, placing themselves at the top of the ladder. Through the use of primary and secondary methodologies I have been able to appreciate many differing opinions, ranging from passionate objections to uncertainty and then those in full support of continuation.

The talk was about the contradictions in the treatment of various non-human animals based on their species, and how we often accept animal cruelty without even realizing it. As a lawyer, the lecturer used court cases as a tool to demonstrate inconsistencies in our justice system as well as in our ways and habits as a society.

Animals are being abused and murdered all over the world. Animal cruelty is a relevant and disgraceful issue that happens everyday and we do nothing to stop it. Everyday more and more people start losing themselves and hunt on animals to solve their problems. These people believe that they are the dominance in the world. They believe that they are the most important living creatures on earth, and take leadership in believing that animals are made to serve the people. This myth is unethical and cruel, animals themselves have a heart and feelings. They each have their own dilemma going on and like humans, they are one of the most important factors to exist on earth.

Animal testing has been dated back to the BC ages. According to Hajar, experiments were performed on live animals by well-known ancient greek scientists such as Aristotle and Erasistratus. Animals became test subjects throughout many experiments in order to thoroughly comprehend pathology, physiology, pharmacology, and especially anatomy. However more recently animal testing has become a main source of testing for biomedical research and testing of pharmaceutical drugs. As animal testing has become a more common method, laws have been put in place in efforts to make it a more humane practice. In 1938, due to the release of a pharmaceutical drug that became poison to humans, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was put in place. The act

Hope Ferdowsian and Nancy Beck, authors of the article “Ethical and scientific considerations regarding animal testing and research”, published in the journal PLoS ONE argued that scientists should consider whether or not testing on animals is ethical in hopes to lessen the usage of animals for experiments. Hope Ferdowsian is a member of the “physicians committee for responsible medicine” (Ferdowsian & Beck, 2011, P. 1) in Washington DC. She studied international affairs, and currently advocates for animal rights, while Nancy Beck works in the“department of medicine” (Ferdowsian & Beck, 2011, P. 1) at George Washington University. Both authors suggest that scientists use the “3R’s” (Ferdowsian & Beck, 2011, P. 1), also known as reducing the