Ethics And Ethical And Unethical Practices

In Normative Ethics there are three distinct schools of thought, and each differentiate through moral intentions. Consequentialism relies on the consequences of an action in order to distinguish whether or not something is morally acceptable. Deontology considers the morality of an action by one’s reason for doing a certain deed. Lastly, virtue ethics bases morality off of virtuous character, and how a virtuous person would act given a certain predicament. Ultimately, consequentialism provides the most practical explanation for morality due to the notion of providing the best possible result. Contrarily, deontology and virtue ethics do not always provide an individual with the most sensible course of action, and therefore prove to be

The potential vulnerabilities within a Health Delivery Organizations (HDOs) are numerous. The impact of exploitation of the can be enormous. It’s not only that the information will be damaged, stolen, or misused; the actual or implied theft of improperly protected electronic data can result in extortion threats. The cost and distraction of a hacker’s extortion demand that threatens to shut down an entity’s system or to expose confidential information can be significant. In addition to the direct costs related to the extortion demand, a facility can have major expenses, including those for the required notification of patients related to the real or threatened release of their identity information. Many states require companies to notify all of their customers if a breach is even suspected. The potential for exploitation does not stop there. Consider any of the following scenarios, note that some do not even require access to personal information, a hacker just needs to get access:

Aside from the Playstation Outage, there had been larger and more nefarious data breaches in history that exploited weaknesses in internet, server, and network security. One such breach is when Heartland Payment Systems had, what was called, the most massive credit card security breach in history, with hackers embedding deep into Heartland security and recording card data. According to Bloomberg Business, it was estimated that “as many as 100 million cards issued by more than 650 financial services companies may have been compromised”. The attack cost Heartland $12.6 million, which was orchestrated by a man named Albert Gonzalez, who was also the cause for several other data breaches, each costing from thousands to millions of dollars. Another such attack was when Russian, and a Ukrainian, computer hackers assaulted NASDAQ stock exchange servers and stealing “more than 160 million credit and debit card numbers, target more than 800,000 bank accounts” (NY Daily News). Separate hacking operation spanned over seven years, attacking NASDAQ, but also affected “chains like 7-Eleven”. All the operations, in the period of time and the global scale it spanned, resulted “in at least $300 million in losses to companies and individuals”. One of the latest, and possibly the largest, data breaches of 2015, Anthem, the second largest health insurer in the US was hacked, compromising millions of account and personal data, as well as social security. When Anthem discovered that they had been

It is the responsibility of the management to hold secure the data and information that they hold on behalf of the clients that they host. This attack was particularly worrying since the corporation is entrusted with highly sensitive government data and the wealth of the American government military information which it should protect from intrusion from external sources. There are also valuable projects for the organization that it protects like

Since my journey here at Bryant began in September, I have changed so much. Coming here, I expected certain things such as my study habits, daily routine and friend group to be altered. One change I was not anticipating making was my approach to ethics. Over the course of the past fifteen weeks, my knowledge of ethics as well as my approach to ethics has changed. I have become more knowledgeable about the different approaches to ethics and have gained insight as to where I stand in my approach to ethics.

NEDS on the other hand can be sued for negligence and this is because the company was not hacked, but its equipment was stolen during the business hours. The organization is aware that they do a very important job which is to ensure that the data they have been entrusted with is completely safe. It should not be easy for people to walk into the premises and be successful in stealing equipment and since this is what happened, it can be viewed as a lapse in physical security. Security failure by NEDS also affects ABC directly and this is because customers offered their data to ABC and therefore, if the data is breached then they will sue ABC and not NEDS which is the third party. Laws regarding financial fraud may also apply for the reason that account specifics were among the data that was stolen and this credit card information can be used to authorize fraudulent purchases by other parties who are not owners of the credit cards (Baskerville, Spagnoletti, & Kim, 2014).

What information system security and privacy security policies do you think would help mitigate this breach and loss of privacy data?

Now a day, companies are focusing and investing more on IT security, where the company’s and customers’ personal and financial information managing and storing. Certainly, more cost involves in this process. Companies who failed in security breach prevention paid and paying huge amount. Example for this is Target. This multinational grocery stores company’s data breached in 2013 this affecting its business. Furthermore, by 2015 nearly 1000 Target employees lost their jobs and the company is facing legal suits from bankers and customers.

In 1997 the National Security Agency (NSA) tested the Pentagon’s cyber security in an exercise named “Eligible Receiver”. Within two days of the exercise, the NSA team had penetrated the classified command network and was in complete control of network. Two years later, the United States Air Force experienced a computer breach in which huge amounts of data were being exfiltrated from research files located on airbases. “Gigantic amounts of data were being shipped out from a lot of computers in the Defense Network and from many data systems in the national nuclear laboratories of the Energy Department.” (Clarke, p. 111) File case named “Moonlight Maze”, by the FBI day-lighted two important aspects of information security. Computer specialist

Security breaches in protected health information can carry heavy consequences. The HITECH ACT requires any incident affecting more than 500 patients to be reported and investigated (“Breaches Affecting 500”). This exposure can be damaging to the health organization’s image and reputation. Not only does this generate bad publicity which can damage patient’s trust in the healthcare organization but the potential of financial consequences as well. According to a Ponemon Institute study, data breaches cost United States hospitals approximately $6 billion per year (“Data Breaches Cost”). Healthcare

On page 5 of “The Hackers Haven”, Abraham Matthews mentions how the fault is of the consumer, but I don’t entirely agree with that. I think that it is the companies’ responsibility to make sure their products and database is

This allowed the hackers to gain access to the company and escalate their privileges within the system. This is connected to proper network segmentation, which could have been prevented with the creation of VLAN’s to restrict deeper access. The vendor access, POS systems, and company inner networks should have been completely separated within the company systems. These steps would have supported and implemented the principle of least privilege and prevented violation of data integrity and

"Our results indicate that the informal methods ("manager sets an example" or "social norms of the organization") are likely to yield greater commitment with respect to both employee attitudes than formal methods ("training courses on the subject of ethics") (Adam, et al, 2004).

* Chalking out plans to convey the breach to the customers and other interested parties in the best way possible: ABC Corps is also entrusted with the task of communicating about the hack to the company officials in case it is first observed by them, so that combined actions might be taken to protect the security system. Moreover, the company should also take steps to inform the respective interested parties about the cyber-attack, with ensuring that proper and actual details are let out for the same.

Some businesses have problems with not only networks, but security breaches within their company. Also, a security breach is a incident in which sensitive, protected or confidential data is copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen or used by an individual unauthorized to do so. Security breaches happen every day and sometimes it’s hard to find where it is happening. Challenges with security breaches include lack of protection over customer’s information, lack of monitoring, lack of authentication passwords and, lack of validated users.