Ethics Of Care Theory

Cancer is a term used for diseases in which irregular cells divide without any control and have the capability to penetrate and infect normal body tissue through the blood and lymph system. Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in the United States, exceeded barely by heart disease. According to the CDC Cancer Statistics and Data, there were more than 1.45 million people diagnosed with various kind of cancer between 1999 and 2007 and out of those more than 562,000 people died due to cancer (cdc.gov, 2012). Currently there are more than 200 different types of cancer that have been discovered. Cancer could be

This report will be analysing the policies and legislations guiding the service user and the organisation caring for them. The importance of ethics in social care will also be explained .the case study will be discussed using the policies and legislations provided by the government.

Politics are everywhere. Everything a person does can be construed to support or favor a political ideology, agenda, or topic. With so much conversation happening, especially focusing on women’s rights, it’s not uncommon to find abortion debates. There seems to be only two options, pro-life or pro-choice. However, Michael Slote does offer some middle grounds based on the morality of abortion. In “The Ethics of Care and Empathy” Slote states that certain situations offer a more moral responsibility to a fetus than others. I take issue with his assumption, specifically in the case of a mother aborting a child out of spite and having a late term abortion is worse than an early term abortion.

The following memo was developed through deep reflection on the necessary decisions which lead to determine what possible areas of knowledge would be of importance to be analyzed, and the diverse methods and instruments that supported the understanding of the phenomena observed in the areas to be further discussed. In this vein, as a group, we decided to select articles that discuss the Ethics of Care Theory as a paradigm for nursing education. The reasons of our choice were, first due to a general knowledge about Ethics of Care Theory and its relationship with education; and second, the field of nursing provided a neutral arena for our discussions. None of us is related to nursing or any health-related educational

Ethic of justice is defined as “fairness and equality, verifiable and reliable decision-making based on universal rules and principles, autonomy, objectivity and impartibly, positivistic rationally.” Ethic of care is defined as care, involvement, empathy and maintaining harmonious relations, holistic, contextual and need-centered nature, extended communicative rationality.” The ethic of justice is described as fairness and equality, rational decision-making according to the universal rules and principles, and autonomous, fair and unbiased decision-making. In the other hand, the ethic of care is described as caring, involving and the maintaining of harmonious relationships from a need-centered, holistic and contextual point of view. The ethic of justice is treating everyone equally regardless of the situation, however, the ethic of care is generally treating an individual based on the situation; decision will be made on based on the motivations and need of an individual. Botes implies that using only one of these perspective of decision making can result to remain some of the ethical dilemmas unresolved. Botes’s suggestion for professor is to balance between the justice perspective with the care perspective when making ethical decisions, with the result that the solution would lie within the combination of both the ethics of justice and ethics of

Collins (1990) explains that there is a historical context, whereas Black women’s blues of expressiveness heals the gap separating emotion and intellect. The third factor of the ethic of caring includes cultivating the capacity for empathy (Collins, 1990). These factors permeate African American culture, and certain aspects of women’s ways of knowing are in the vein of Afrocentric expressions of the ethic of caring. White women have access to a woman’s tradition of valuing emotion and expressiveness, but there are very few Eurocentric traditions except family that endorse this way of knowing.

Aristotle and Rita Manning both have different theories when it comes to ethics. Aristotle uses virtue ethics to answer questions about morality whereas Manning uses what is called ethics of caring to do the same thing. Virtue ethics claims people’s actions aim towards the highest good of happiness. From happiness, moral virtue stems from reasons governing the desires of the soul. Manning on the other hand believes that moral actions extend from people caring for one another on a personal level. By developing the ability to care for others, people become morally aware of how to act in certain situations. When the question of: “how ought I live my life?”

The most valid argument in the favor of Brittany Maynard’s decision comes from the Ethics of Care moral theory. According to Ethics of Care, an ideal society is the one in which a person cares for others and also expects to be cared. Clearly, Brittany does not feel the caring from others because she needs to end her pain, and the only possible way of doing this is active euthanasia. In addition, her decision also seems to be in accordance with utilitarianism because it certainly leads to the greatest happiness for her, which is ending an extreme pain.

Men and Women both have ethical opinions of what’s right and what’s wrong, nevertheless, that doesn’t indicate that one is inferior to the other. According to psychologist Carol Gilligan’s theory, she states that men and women envision adversely when it comes to a moral code, however, both should be validated equally. She does not suggest that they are considered equal, but only that their views of morality should be considered equal, even if they are completely different views of morality. I feel that Gilligan’s theories of moral difference between men and women are valid assumptions, yet imply inferiority.

Another important theory to look at is the ethic of care. This theory was investigated by both Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan. While both conclude different theories of the way one develops and applies the ethic of care, it is clear they agree that the amount of care one naturally has, depends on the way situations are handled, especially situations involving others. Kohlberg began his investigation wondering why some people follow rules strictly while other would risk doing bad things for the greater good. To do this, he interviewed children in Israel, giving them a situation where a man would steal medicine for his dying wife, and observed their reactions. One boy agreed to steal the medicine, while the girl said it simply wasn’t right

Kristen M. Swanson RN, PhD, FAAN derives her Theory of Caring from the works of multiple nursing scholars, combined with empirical evidence and phenomenological investigations, to create a middle-range theory applicable to almost any healthcare setting (Swanson, 1991). The middle-range theory evolved partially due to Dr. Swanson’s doctoral studies under Dr. Jean Watson (Wojnar, 2014, p. 689). Dr. Swanson’s theory contains a perinatal background, initially developed specifically in attempt to explain miscarriage experiences (Wojnar, 2014). By conducting three different studies involving three different perspectives, Dr. Swanson was able to establish and define five concepts, caring processes, critical to her theory (Swanson, 1998). The three perspectives investigated by Dr. Swanson were women who miscarried, NICU caregivers, and at-risk mothers. With each study, her definitions of the five caring processes evolved (Swanson, 1991).

The ethics of care may be a normative moral theory: a theory concerning what makes actions virtuously right or wrong. It's one amongst a cluster of normative moral theories that were developed by feminists within the half of the 20th century. Whereas consequentialist and deontological moral theories emphasize universal standards and non-partisanship, ethics of care emphasize the importance of response. Ethics of care contrasts with additional well-known moral views, like consequentialist theories and deontological theories. This kind of outlook is what feminist critics decision a justice view of morality. A morality is a care that rests on the understanding of relationships as a response to a different in their terms.

While ethics theories often focus on justice, care, an "equally valid moral perspective," is usually disregarded because of male bias. The two perspectives are often pleasant-sounding, but a need for care point of view precedence exists. While truth is evident in both these statements, the problem of distinguishing between them becomes apparent soon after. Many feminist look to psychologist Carol Gilligan's research for evidence to confirm the difference between characteristically male and female approaches to moral decision making. Her research illustrated how men almost unfailingly focus on justice when making moral decisions and women use justice and care in equal proportions in their moral judgments. While men and women take different

It is widely known that some people possess personalities that have the natural ability to be more empathetic and caring towards others compared to other people. Unfortunately, the stereotype and generalizing of viewing women as automatically more empathetic than men is also prominent in today’s culture. This fundamental image of women and men possessing different views on morality is discussed with Carol Gilligan’s theory of “care ethics” which is more based on feministic views compared to Kohlberg’s “justice ethics” which focuses on the moral development of boys (Caputo, 2000).

Care Ethics (Feminist Ethics) is the importance of caring relationships in life whether its human or animal related. The main goal of care ethics is to maintain and promote caring relationships. Care ethics involves helping both yourself and the world around you. It gives you the motivation to care for others beside yourself. Care ethics according to the article is more a “general approach” than a theory in regards to other ethical practices. The goal of care ethics is to show that women have the same equal rights as men and that they both have freedoms of their own. This is important as this is helping to address equality among the human race. Care ethics as a whole revolves around emotions.