Ethnic Groups Of Russi A Multi National State With Over 185 Ethnicities

In 1935, the race laws that were used to prevent Jews from doing everyday activities was extended to the Romani people. The Roma, just like the Jews were targeted solely because of their race. The Nazi’s viewed them as an inferior race and a danger to Aryan society. Romani were labeled as “asocial” and unfit for German society. When the Nazi’s started sending Roma to concentration camps, they were forcibly sterilized because they were viewed as not being fit for human reproduction. Later, the Roma

Racial antisemitism was born in the Nineteenth Century when laws were passed in many European countries posing the Jewish people as second-class citizens, not receiving the same rights as others in society. While they had reached a level of religious emancipation in some countries, Judaism had become recognized as an ethnicity as well, and this ethnic difference from the Aryans therefore made them “inferior.” Pogroms began across Eastern Europe in the late 1800’s which resulted in

Roma Gypsies were the second-largest group of people killed on racial grounds in the Holocaust. Even before the Holocaust, the Gypsies were treated unfairly. During the Holocaust, many Gypsies were put under a law that permitted the sterilization of mental defectives. Slightly less than one million Roma believed to have been living in Europe before the war. However, that number decreased after the Germans and their Axis partners killed about 220,000 of them. The Nazis, “For efficiency, Gypsies were shot naked in pre-dug graves and according to Nazi shooters, Jews were easier to kill because they would stay still, while the Gypsies would run around screaming, and some would fall in the grave and pretend to be dead(Amack 1)”. This example shows that during the Holocaust, the Roma Gypsies were deprived of their rights. Under the Nazi rule, German authorities subjected Roma to internment, forced labor, and brutal mass murder. They were even brought to concentration camps. At one specific concentration camp, called Sachsenhausen, the Gypsies had special experiments done to them to prove that their blood was different from the German’s. Unfortunately, the Roma Gypsies, just like the Jews, lacked many rights. During World War ll, the Gypsies were stripped away from their rights, taken away from their everyday lives, and even murdered for no apparent

Altshuler’s purpose of writing this book is to display the Religion and change of identity the of Jewish people in USSR. The author wants to describe the social, political, and economic condition of Jews from 1941 to 1964. Mordechai Altshuler (2012) mentioned that one of the governments’ goal was to isolate the component members of Jews by atomizing the Jewish public (p 81). Decent Jews were persecuted and compelled to live under the threat of losing their identity. They were threatened and forced to leave their original identity and adopt new identity which altered their identity along with lives. According to the author, “In Babi Yar, on the outskirts of town, more than 30,000 Jews were murdered around Yom Kippur 1941 (September 29 – 30),

References to the "Jews of Ashkenaz" abound in medieval Jewish texts. The Polish Jewish community in the 15th century was the largest Jewish community in the Diaspora, and continued to be so until the tragedy of the Holocaust. After the Holocaust, of the estimated 8.8 million Jews (mostly Ashkenazi) who lived in Europe, approximately 6 million were killed. Many of the survivors fled, immigrating to countries such as Israel and

The city of Bobruisk is located in modern day Belarus, formerly part of the USSR or Soviet Union. Jewish assimilation in Bobruisk can be dated back to the 17th century. From the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, Bobruisk was an important cultural, religious and political center of Russian Jewry, as well as both the Bund and Zionist movements’. As the researcher of this paper, I have a very personal connection with this city because this was where my family was from. I was the first in my family to be born in America and went to visit Bobruisk in 2005 to see some of the murder sites first-hand, such as: Kamenka, Yeloviki, the Jewish Cemetery, and Khatyn. I have also been to Yad Vashem in Israel, and tried to find my great grandparents names in the Hall of Names, but to no available information unfortunately. Jewry in Bobruisk consisted of 26,703 people in January 1939 or 31.7% of the total population in Bobruisk. The population took a steep decline from the first available census in 1923, where Jews made up close to 53.5% of the population or 19,619 out of a total of 36,656 people living in Bobruisk. The

In the fourteenth century famines and plaques struck Western Europe with a vengeance, in reaction to the problem many kings blamed and expelled the Jews from countries like, Spain, Germany, France, and Hungary. Jewish communities fled eastward to escape persecution, until the late 1700’s when Russia restricted Jewish movement within the

A timeline of bias against the Roma and introduction of the genocide. In 1899 in Bavaria, an organization was formed that was the pinnacle of targeting the Gypsies (“Gypsies” 82). A little over 20 years later, in 1922, in Baden, Germany began systematically identifying and classifying the Roma (“Romanies” 2240). This is comparable to the first and second stage of Genocide, classification and symbolization. The Roma were called “Gypsies” and, as shown in (“Romanies” 2240), identified by the Germans. In 1926, Bavaria passed laws that registered the Roma and stopped them from “roaming or camping in bands” (“Romanies” 2240). “In Bavaria none were allowed to travel in family groups or to own firearms. Those [Gypsies] over sixteen were liable for

The vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world.[7] Within these territories the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecutions. Russian Jewry consists predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews but also comprises a number of other Diasporan Jewish groups, such as Mountain Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Bukharan Jews, and Georgian Jews.

roma are a nomadic people that like the jews have been persecuted throughout history. The fate of the roma almost paralleled the jews. Both sent to ghettos, work camps and eventually to concentration camps with the jews. For while Himmler one of Hitler's top generals

There are over seven million people currently classified as Roma. Simply being Roma is not easy and many possible Roma have a self-identity problem. Being Europe’s largest minority many would believe the Gypsies would be treated in a good manner. That is not the case most countries do not even consider Roma to be an ethnicity. For this and many other reasons the Roma mistrust the authority. The mistrust is mutual and the Europeans have not felt the Roma fit in with the rest of Europe. Originally thinking the Gypsies were spies for Muslim countries during the crusades, Europeans never accepted them. For their own good the children of any Roma person were taken

Jaroslav Sus, writer of The Gypsy Question in the CSSR, claimed that the communists were justified in attempting assimilation of the Romani into Czechoslovakian culture because the Romani language was, “discordant, stagnant, without written form and therefore without a future, invented by thieves and criminal elements,” (HRW, 11). His claim, that a language spoken by at least 100,000 people was dangerous, could not have been justified had the Roma people not been the subject of hatred in the past. Sus claimed that the Roma were, “thieves and criminal elements,” (HRW, 11), appealing to the citizens of Czechoslovakia to protect themselves from the possibility of a perceived criminal element rising to a position of power. Sus further discredits the Roma by stating, “Gypsies are not a nation, a nationality and in view of the objective conditions of their existence…cannot ever in the future obtain either the status of nationality or national minority,” (HRW, 11), leading to a widespread belief that the Roma people are inferior to the people of Czechoslovakia due to a language that is “scattered” and “without law”. Through these actions, we can see the many ways the regime worked to discredit the Roma language and culture and refused to recognize them as a national minority. Citing Romani people as “outsiders” that threatened the autonomy of the nation and the communist regime, they

The Roma people, also known as the gypsies, settled in Hungary more than 500 years ago from the Indian sub-continent (Crowe 179). Integration in the Hungarian society has been faced a big challenge since they are perceived as the minority and live a semi-nomadic life. They are discriminated against based on their dark skin, and they often live in segregation from

This marginalized group of society basically faces the consequences of inequality. Different researches have been undertaken by different researchers. Jessica redy wrote in her article about the origin of gypsies, highlighting the richness of this vibrant and normally misunderstood ethnic group. According to her many Roma are imbibed today, some because of the financial support to hide their ethnicity and others because the culture was muffled long ago by genocide or political tragedy, while others quietly preserve their heritage in the privacy of their own homes. If they are not preys of racist reporting then they are victims of poverty. There are glimpses of Roma being pushed into slums by government, roaming barefoot

The Romanies or more commonly known as Gypsies are an ethnic group which immigrated from the Indian subcontinent. They currently number around the 10 to 12 million range and have been seen living in Europe, Asia in addition to North and South America. In many instances, they are targets of hate crimes, discrimination, and even denied citizenship in countries they have been living in. At the time of communist rule, Romanies gained social and economic protection. However, as communism fell, the Romanies once again crumbled and went into a state of poverty. Through researching the Romanies, we learn of the hardships they went through and how strong they are. Even though they are all separated worldwide, they still share a bond stronger than people who immigrated without any problems. Romanies should gain political sovereignty and have a country of their own where they are free from discrimination and hate crimes.