Ethyl Ethanoate Essay

Abstract: Using hypochlorous acid to convert secondary alcohol called cyclododecanol to the corresponding ketone which is cyclododecanone by oxidation.

The purpose of the fluid flow meters experiment was to determine the operating characteristics of the Venturi and orifice meters. The purpose of the tray hydraulics experiment was to study the vapor and liquid tray hydraulics parameters for sieve, or perforated, trays in a distillation column. By performing experiments based on theory and comparing results to literature values, the objectives of this experiment can be achieved.

Distillation is the process of which liquid is changed into it’s vapor state which in turn is changed by condensing the vapor back to the liquid state. This process is used to separate and purify liquids. The process begins a distillation apparatus. After the evaporation process begins and ends, the vapor will have evaporated while the purified substance will condense with cool water. In this lab, the purpose is to separate two liquids, cyclohexane and toluene or cyclohexane and p-xylene. During the process, the volume and temperature were recorded at each milliliter. This would show the different boiling points. Then using gas chromatography, we would be able to identify the correct peak. If the difference between the

Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain oxygen between two alkyl groups. It is “extremely flammable and colorless, sweet-smelling liquids at room temperature which has a low boiling point due to the lack of hydrogen bonding” (Schore et al, 2007). Some characteristics and properties of Ether are that it is slightly polar due because of the electronegativitity difference between the oxygen and carbon atoms, it is less soluble in water and has a low chemical reactivity. The specific type of Ether used in the

Ethylene Glycol is a clear, odourless liquid with a syrup like consistency and a sweet taste. It has low vapour pressure and it is combustible. Ethylene glycol may also be called mono ethyl glycol or ethane 1,2-diol.

Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol or drinking alcohol, is an organic compound belonging to the alcohol group. It could also be abbreviated EtOH. The hydroxyl, OH, functional group differentiates the compound from the other organic compounds and hence shares some of the same physical and chemical properties, with other alcohols. Ethanol is used as fuel, solvents and in alcoholic beverages. It is also used as antiseptics, household cleaning products, varnishes and in alcohol thermometers (Garcia). The molecular formula of ethanol is C2H6O, normally written as C2H5OH or CH3CH2OH. The molar mass, boiling point and melting point of ethanol is 46.069g/mol, 78.29ºC and -114.14ºC, respectively (Ethanol). Ethanol is a colorless liquid with a slight odor, soluble in water, flammable, volatile and evaporates easily when left in the open (Garcia).

Ethanol is such a simple chemical compound, but it has so many uses. It is used as an antiseptic, household cleaning

Practically, the procedure involves the heating a mixture of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst to yield an ester and water as end product. The reaction is reversible and the position of equilibrium depends on the reaction conditions. An excess of the alcohol favor the formation of the ester. While the presence of water drives the reaction backwards. (John McMurry, 2007) This concept of driving thereaction forward makes use of Le Chatelier’s principle states that “When an equilibrium system is subjected to change in temperature, pressure, or concentration of reacting species, the system responds by attaining a new equilibrium that partially offsets the impact of change.” (Petrucci, 2010)

Simple distillation is where the vapor is immediately channeled into the condenser, which results in a distillate that is not pure but its composition is identical to the vapors at the given temperature and pressure (Massachusetts, University of, 2015). It’s effective when liquids have boiling point differences of at least twenty five degrees Celsius (Massachusetts, University of, 2015). As it heats, the vapors being formed will be richest in the substance that boils at the lowest temperature and eventually as the most volatile mixture is distilled out, it will no longer be a pure compound being distilled (Massachusetts, University of, 2015). The temperature will increase until the boiling point of the next substance is approached, which will result in a

Ethanol is involved in many chemical processes. The combustion of ethanol produces carbon dioxide and steam. When ethanol is oxidized with acidified Potassium Dichromate, it produces ethanal, which is an acetaldehyde, and water. Then if ethanol is oxidized the product is ethanoic acid, which belongs to the functional group of acetic acid. At room temperature sodium can react with ethanol to sodium ethoxide. In this process the hydrogen atom is replaced by a Na atom. When evolved in reactions, ethanol can produce different kinds of chemical compounds.

The filtration system configuration can be seen below in Figure 4. The pump draws the oil out of the sump and through a prefilter. It then positively directs the oil towards the solenoid valve which directs it through one of the two parallel filtration systems. Each filtration system is equipped with a 10 micron filter and two 4 micron filters set in a parallel configuration. The oil then passes through the 10 micron filter which will remove all particles of 10 microns in size or greater. The oil then enters a flow divider valve which properly diverts the oil to two separate 4-micron filters for further oil cleansing. Likewise, the 4 micron filters will remove all particles of 4 microns or greater. From here, the oil flows through a check ball valve to ensure no backflow into the filters. This is necessary due to the merging of the two parallel 4 micron filters. After leaving the first filter configuration the oil is then directed towards the cooling system. However before it reaches the cooler, it passes an alternate route towards the bypass filtration system. This system does not circulate

The settling tank is a tilted plate clarifier with a volume capacity of 800 Liters. Its structure has a diagonally modified bottom (See Figure 4). An internal Return Activated Sludge (RAS) recirculation has being installed to facilitate the settleability of the Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) in the process. Moreover, it assist the prevention of growth bacteria on the sidewalls of the clarifier. In order to impart little mixing in the clarifier due to the recirculation, a timer was installed and set to turn on the motor

Butanol (ethyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol which has been mainly used as a solvent, chemical intermediate,

We will be concentrating our efforts on re-designing the distillation apparatus for operation at maximum efficiency. The distillation tank will rest on a platform made of cast iron. A commercially available storage tank will be used for storing the saline water. This tank will then be covered by a glass cover, on top and other suitable materials will be used as thermal shield on the sides, to retain the heat. Reflectors will be added to supplement the incoming solar radiation.

56. It is used as a heating apparatus. It is also used as a distilling device for collecting gases. FLORENCE FLASK