Ethylene Glycol Research Paper

Ethyl ethanoate: Ethyl ethanoate is an ester. Esters are group of organic compounds which have a functional group of –COO-. Esters are liquids that become vapours quickly so they are present in perfumes.

enters the blood stream in just a matter of seconds of using this drug. When eating or drinking

Administering orally is not recommended because it has a rapid first-pass rate which causes inactivation of the drug. In protein binding, Narcan is weakly bound to plasma proteins mainly albumin. Plasma albumin is the major binding constituent but significant binding of naloxone also occurs to plasma constituents other than albumin. In distribution Narcan is rapidly distributed in the body and is also very lipophillic and easily crosses the blood-brain-barrier. It can also cross the placenta. The duration of action in distribution depends on the dose and route of administration. The quickest effect is noted following an IV injection, the onset of action usually occurs within two minutes. If administered through IM or SQ, the effects will begin within two to five minutes. Narcan is metabolized in the liver and primarily undergoes glucuronidation to form naloxone-3-glucuronide. Metabolism of Narcan is dependent upon the route of administration as well. An IV dose of Narcan will last for approximately one hour. The IM and SQ injections will continue their effects for several hours. The serum half-life of Narcan in adults range from 30 to 81 minutes. Narcan is excreted as a metabolite in urine within six hours. It does not matter if Narcan is taken on an empty of full stomach because it has poor bioavailability in the gastrointestinal (Drugs.com,

The amount of filtration done by the kidneys will obviously cause negative effects throughout the body if they are not functioning properly.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a bromination reaction to manufacture ethyl (2S,3R)-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate from ethyl trans-cinnamate utilizing hydrogen bromide, hydrogen peroxide, and ethanol. However, due to an error in the mechanism, the reaction was performed under the same equivalent conditions with trans-diphenylethene to yield 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane. Subsequently, a debromination reaction was performed to synthesize diphenylacetylene from the product, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, utilizing potassium hydroxide and ethylene glycol. Both reactions were performed based on the principles of green chemistry: specifically increasing the atom economy, minimizing the syntheses of hazardous chemicals, utilizing safer solvents, preventing pollution and preventing accidents in the process.1 In order to evaluate the purity, each product was analyzed by obtaining the TLC and melting point range and running the samples in the Infrared spectrometer, Gas chromatography mass spectrometer, and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Based on the mass of solid product obtained, the percent yield for ethyl (2S,3R)-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane and diphenylacetylene were calculated to be %, %, and % respectively.

Serum concentration is achieved in 2-4 hours. The half-life of tetracycline is 8.5 hours and its volume of distribution is 1.3 l/kg. Tetracycline is 35%-50% bound to plasma proteins.

Diclofenac is 100% absorbed after oral administration compared to IV administration as measured by urine recovery. However, due to first-pass metabolism, only about 50% of the absorbed dose is systemically available .Food has no significant effect on the extent of diclofenac absorption. However, there is usually a delay in the onset of absorption of 1 to 4.5 hours and a reduction in peak plasma levels of < 20%. Diclofenac is primarily metabolized by CPY2C9. Diclofenac is eliminated through metabolism and subsequent urinary and biliary excretion of the glucuronide and the sulfate conjugates of the metabolites

Ethylbenzene is found naturally in petroleum which used mostly to produce styrene. Moreover, it could found in the air because it is continually accumulated in atmosphere from automobile exhaust. Normally, levels measured of ethylbenzene in air in remoted area often one fifth less what is found in crowed area. In general, Ethylbenzene is pure, flammable liquid with a gasoline-like

The polymer that I choose is polyethylene glycol (PEG). Polyethylene glycol is produced because of the interaction with ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol oligomers. Some cons of using polyethylene glycol are hypersensitivity, unexpected change in pharmacokinetic behavior, and toxic side products. PEG is also a laxative that can also be used to prepare the bowels before surgery. PEG is also used to slow the clearing of protein from the blood. This makes medicine last longer in the body. Polyethylene glycol has also been used to help the healing of the spine inn dogs and PEG can also help with nerve damage. PEG is most commonly used with the skin because it has maintains it shape well, it is also pliable so doctors can put it in place before setting it with a green LED light.

Warfarin is absorbed completely after oral administration, and, the peak of concentration is achieved in the first four hours. It is distributed in the body to about 0.14 L/kg, within 6 to 12 hours. Metabolism is via oxidation in the liver. The metabolites are excreted mostly in urine within 5 days post therapy.

Onset of action is 2-4hours after administration & peak effects reaches in 4-8 hours. Food does not appear to affect the drug’s bioavailability, onset of action or duration of effect.

Glycerine is and extremely good solvent of alkaloids, bromine, iodine, phenol, tannins and mercury chloride (Singhabhandhu and Tezuka 2010).Glycerine is and extremely good solvent of alkaloids, bromine, iodine, phenol, tannins and mercury chloride (Singhabhandhu and Tezuka 2010).Glycerine is and extremely good solvent of alkaloids, bromine, iodine, phenol, tannins and mercury chloride (Singhabhandhu and Tezuka 2010).Glycerine is and extremely good solvent of alkaloids, bromine, iodine, phenol, tannins and mercury chloride (Singhabhandhu and Tezuka 2010).Glycerine is and extremely good solvent of alkaloids, bromine, iodine, phenol, tannins and mercury chloride (Singhabhandhu and Tezuka 2010).Glycerine is and extremely good solvent of alkaloids,

At cool temperatures, propylene glycol is stable in a well-closed container, but at high temperatures, in the open, it tends to oxidize, giving rise to products such as propionaldehyde, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and acetic acid. Propylene glycol may be sterilized by autoclaving. It is hygroscopic and should be stored in a well closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

The lesser risk way of taking the drug is to snort (ingestion via the nose). This way does not cause as much shock to the body and carries a lower risk of overdose. The effects come on gradually, peaking at approximately fifteen to thirty minutes after taken.

Well we all know that the energy system is very unstable because the total energy available on the earth is limited, and man has exploited all the conventional technologies to fulfill his needs. By the use of these conventional technologies, the world also has a disability, with problems such as global warming. Consumption of energy by man increased gradually as his wants also increase. The conventional energy resources mainly include fossil fuels, but research shows that this fuel source will be depleted completely in approximately 20-25 years. This could cause major setbacks around the world. As a result, we need an alternative source of fuel that could keep the world running on its wheel. One possibility is ethanol. Chemically extract