Etruscans

Despite all their similarities, The Greeks and Romans engaged in substantive culture differences. Their religions derived from a complex set of gods and goddesses, called deities, who were seen as regulating human life. Since the Romans embraced culture from the Greeks, many traditions were the same. However, the Greek and Roman culture, although similar, are very different and appealing. For instance, the Greeks did not acknowledge an all-powerful god; they believe that deities controlled everything that transpired on earth. In other words, the Greeks sought religious cults to explain the forces that shape the world (Bentley et al, 2008 p.143).

It should remebered that throughout the Roman Republic the soldiers fighting for Rome were her own citizens for whom defence of the state (Keppie pg 23). During the later times of the 6th century the Tarquins; who was the ruling family at the time, were expelled. Due to the expulsion a republic was established, the result was a century long war against adjacent communities that brought Rome supreme primacy over Latium. There was a decline of the Etruscan’s strength due to the fighting with the Greeks, and southern Italy. The rivalry was cause of trading disputes with a mixture migration from Celts who were settling in the Po valley and were spreading throughout Etruria. In the long term it can be seen that the Etruscans provided a buffer for the towns of central and southern Italy against the Gallic adavance, which consumed much of their reamaining strength (Keppie pg 15)

Roman culture was not created independently, but instead it was established by borrowing and adapting numerous elements from major groups in their vicinity. The Etruscans brought architectural influences as they expanded through Southern Italy and captured and ruled Rome. In addition, the Romans were no exception to the undeniable draw of Greek art and influence that swept over all of Italy. However, the truly remarkable characteristic of the Romans was their ability to improve existing technology to apply to their practical needs and aesthetic desires. The Roman appropriation of outside cultural architecture and art was the basis on which they innovated to enhance public spaces as well as personal dwellings through the development of new

In both Greek and Roman civilizations, mythology played an important part in their empire’s success. Both of these civilizations were polytheistic religions. Likewise, they had major and minor gods and goddesses as part of their religion as well. However, since the Roman Empire conquered many cultures including the Greeks, their gods blended with many similarities with the gods that the Ancient Greeks worshipped.

Throughout the ancient world, the aspects to which a successful society thrive under have been skewed, except for that of religion. Although a universal religion has never been adopted, most empires tend to follow a basic outline similar to one another. In relation to Greeks and Romans, this ideology still holds true. Religion between these two societies have had their differences, but for the most part they have kept the same values held high. Women and their impact on Greek and Roman religion is what shaped these regions to flourish and is what held the empires together through all war and turmoil that came their way.

The Romans began their religion by believing that spirits took up everything around them and that their ancestors watched over them in everything they did. The Romans began to believe in Major Greek gods such as Mars, Quirinus,

Some policies and institutions of the Roman Republic were useful to help them succeed in conquering first Italy and then the Mediterranean world. Before of the institution of the republic, the romans were a monarchy since their beginning and they were basically a pastoral people. Rome suffer several changes and improvements under the control of the Etruscan kings. The Etruscan were civilization settled north of Rome in Etruria, and they once had control over almost all the Italic peninsula. The Etruscans influences in Rome were profound, they transformed Rome from a pastoral community to a city (91). The Etruscan built the street and roads that help the development of temples, markets, shops, streets, and houses. They basically brought urbanization to Rome. It is fairly to say that the Rome republic was a fusion between the elements of the Etruscan civilization and the Rome elements. The combination of the different political institutions and policies made the Romans succeed in their conquest territories.

The story of ancient Rome is a tale of how a small community of shepherds in the central Italy grew to become one of the greatest empires in history, and then collapsed. According to Roman legend. Rome was founded in 753 B.C. By 275 B.C., it controlled most of the Italian Peninsula. In the A.D. 100’s, the Roman Empire covered about half of Europe, much of the Middle East, and the northern coast of Africa. The empire then began to crumble, party because it was too big for Rome to govern.

The route in which they treated demise and their trusts of a pleasant the great beyond indicate numerous things about their society: their religious perspectives, their positive thinking even with death, and their admiration for their progenitors. It is obvious that they trusted their souls could make utilization of natural belonging after their death . Sarcophagus covers show not just the social patterns of the Etruscans additionally the religious beliefs which framed the premise of their society. Archeologists have uncovered Etruscan tombs in virtually all of the heavily populated towns and cities established by the

Even though they both did not share an equal status with the males in their respective societies, ancient Egyptian women did enjoy more freedom and equal treatment, as opposed to ancient Roman women. Despite the fact that Roman women were not confined to their homes, they were throughout their lives subject to the authority of the men in their lives, unlike Egyptian women who did not require a male guardian to act on her

In fact, many of the infrastructural advances often attributed to the Romans were actually Etruscan in origin. For example, the Etruscans developed a system of drainage within their cities that was unmatched by any other culture at the time, and directly led to the creation of the famous Roman aqueducts . As well, the Etruscans built many roads between their cities that the Romans later used, and aspects of the Etruscan’s road building techniques can be seen in Roman roads. One of the most well-recognised features of Roman architecture is the arch, but the use of arches was actually a technique adapted from the Etruscans. Public Etruscan buildings were usually made to look impressive, and this is something that the Romans carried on, as they used similar bright colours and high archways to create a stunning effect. The Etruscans tended to build their cities in a grid pattern, and while Rome itself was laid out in a rather haphazard fashion, many other Roman cities were built in a more grid-like, Etruscan

The Etruscans were arranged into a union of city-states in the North of Rome. In the time of 650 BCE, they took over Rome and transformed the traditional huts into a city. The Etruscans introduced rectangular city planning, in which they drained the nearby wetlands and built underground sewers and built roads and bridges. They also provoked trade and improved agriculture for the areas in and around Rome. The Romans owed a great deal to the Etruscans for the intelligence of civil engineering projects as well as urban planning was a legacy that was left behind. The Etruscans were heavily influenced by the Greeks, which caused them to introduce Greek influence into Roman culture such as introducing the Greek alphabet. Another influence by the Etruscans was that the Romans were beginning to treat women with more respect and to begin introducing more rights for women. The Roman Nobles would send their sons to both Etruscan and Greek education systems, as they preferred to get the best out of both education systems. When an Etruscan Noble or King would die, two gladiator fighters would battle until death, which had a significant impact on Rome.

Both Etruscan and Roman tomb sculpture function to memorialize the departed allowing them to move on from the world of the living and seeks to comfort those who have lost the ones they love. The two societies have differing practices in regards to death and therefore sculptures concerning the subject are somewhat different with a few identifiable similarities. While both societies seek to comfort the living and commemorate the dead this is achieved through different approaches. The Etruscan Sarcophagus with reclining couple from Cerveteri, Italy and the Mummy of Artemidorus from Roman Egypt are two examples of contrasting representations of the dead. When analyzing tomb sculpture one of the main questions is whether the work adapts a retrospective approach (presentation of the deceased as they were in life) or a prospective one (the viewpoint of looking forward to life beyond the grave). While the Etruscan sarcophagus gives a more retrospective memorialization through the depiction of the couple in a state of regularity the Roman Mummy of Artemidorus presents a more prospective approach concerning the deceased through the emphasis of funerary practices.

"The dominant early settlers on the Italian peninsula were a non-Indo-European-speaking people known as the Etruscans" (Coffin & Stacey 168). The Etruscans were among three groups of people from the East that entered Italy as colonists and later as rulers of various segments of the peninsula. The Etruscans came into Italy about 800 B.C.E. following the Adriatic Sea. Although our knowledge of the Etruscans is severely limited by the fact that their language, although written in a Greek alphabet, has not been fully deciphered, traces remain that they left significant evidence of their effect and influence on Rome. The Etruscans left evidence throughout nearly every aspect of Rome including their

As the story goes, Rome was founding in 753 B.C. by two brothers Remus and Romulus who were raised by wolves. The two brothers started fighting over the leadership of the land. Eventually Romulus killed Remus and took control own his own. The city was only a small settlement