European Perch: Oxygen Level In Water

Some plants and animals have to adapt to the amount of oxygen and visibility underwater. For example, plants have adapted to the amount of sunlight they receive in certain environments, and cattails and water lilies have adapted to be able to survive humid climates. For animals, certain fish like trout have adapted to clear and cool water with a large amount of oxygen. On the other hand, other types of fish, like catfish, are able to survive in an area with a low oxygen level and gloomy visibility. Since otters live on the land surrounding the water, they have adapted to be able to swim to catch their food. Frogs and alligators have adapted to their environment by being able to live on the land after coming from underwater as an egg. Lastly, beavers have adapted to use their teeth to create the dams they live

The CTDEP collected bottom- dwelling fish and invertebrates and compared the quantity of organisms and number of species with the levels of oxygen in the water. Both of these studies confirmed that severe effects occurred whenever levels of oxygen fell below 2.0 mg/l. Large reductions in the numbers and types of aquatic life present were noted. The lab experiments recorded reductions in both growth and increase in death.

Temperature had a direct effect on oxygen consumption of crayfish, Orconectes propinquus. Crayfish acclimated to warm temperature (20 to 25 C) had a mean mass of 8.25g +/- 1.05. Crayfish acclimated to cold temperature (3 to 5 C) had a mean mass of 10.61g +/- 0.77. Oxygen consumption rates of 30-60 minute treatments were used and there was no significant difference between the two different treatments (t=0.48, df=58, P=0.70). The data from 0-30 minutes were not used because the crayfish were disrupted by transportation and the data were not normally distributed. The Q10 value was 1.05, representing that there was full compensation for oxygen consumption for the crayfish at two different acclimated temperatures. The oxygen consumption of crayfish was not affected significantly by two different temperatures (Figure 1).

Aquatic environments require different methods for adaptation. The pressure in water increases as depth increases and aquatic organisms have to deal with it. Mobility of small animals versus larger ones help the ones with greater SA:V flow or be moved by currents, which is a disadvantage for bigger animals that have to constantly move. Light limitations also affect living things in water, mostly plants because they have to photosynthesize to grow, and the attenuation of light increases in depth, they have to take advantage of other resources to get the light they need and the nutrients to survive. Salt tolerance is vital; the process of osmosis moves water from high concentration of solutes to low concentration of solutes, if an organism doesn’t have enough salt contents starts losing water and dehydrates

The increase of oxygen does not necessarily mean the fish will keep up with it. Too much oxygen can be harmful to the fish so you would need a certain amount per area of fish. A constant flow of oxygen going throughout the water habitat.

We caught about a five gallon bucket full of perch throughout the three days that we were there. We also caught about three or four nice northerns ranging from twenty five to thirty inches long. The walleye that. Caught in the beginning was the only one that we caught the whole weekend that we were up. Most of the other people in the other houses were catching plenty of walleye, but us of course were not catching anymore.

“Since the beginning of the industrial era, the ocean has absorbed some 525 billion tons of CO2 from the atmosphere, presently around 22 million tons per day” (Ocean Portal, n.d). This number is expected to increase forevermore as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase and the effects of Climate Change worsen. At first, the idea of our oceans absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere may sound great, however, scientists have been quick to learn otherwise. High concentrations of carbon dioxide in oceans can have detrimental effects on the ocean chemistry and marine ecosystems (Hardt; Safina, 2008). Marine ecosystems are greatly complex and depend on every marine organism to function properly, any change can put the whole ecosystem at risk. For example, the increase of carbon dioxide in our oceans is responsible for the dissolving of “brittle star” skeletal parts, which has in effect caused food scarcity for many fish, crabs, shrimp, and other starfish (Leu, 2013). Furthermore, these marine ecosystems are very important to humans- being the primary food source for millions around the world and having an economic market worth trillions of dollars (Hardt; Safina, 2008). Part of keeping these ecosystems safe is to understand how they work and how projected changes can harm marine organisms.

Smallmouths have both external fertilization and external development. Feeding for smallmouth tops when the temperature is around 78 degrees and starts to slow down once the temperature goes below 40 degrees. The male always guards the eggs and the babies which are known as fry. The spawning usually occurs in April or May unless the temperature stays cold than it can be delayed. The first person to describe a smallmouth bass was Lacepede is 1802. The fry hatch out of their eggs in about a week and then continue to develop for another week. Young smallmouths are fed upon by yellow perch, Northern pike or muskellunge. Bigger bass are only eaten by northern pike, musky but the main predators of smallmouth bass are humans. The lifespan in the wild is normally about seven years, but some will live up to 20 years. In captivity the average age is ten years. When the young hatch out of their eggs they are about 0.2 inches long, very easy prey for a variety of animals. Multiple females will spawn in the nest of one male and an individual female will spawn in more than one. Smallmouth dance and bite each other, this is their mating ritual. In New York the record smallmouth was 8 pounds, 4 ounces caught out of Lake Erie on 6/4/1995 by Andrew C Kartesz. Smallmouth bass are beginning to destroy Brooke trout fisheries and Atlantic salmon fisheries. The meat of a smallmouth is very firm and good tasting so many people catch the fish not only for the fun of the

Pike live in certain parts of a lake, stream, or river. Pike spawn (breed) in April to May. They normally live in shallow weedy areas with a numerous amount of smaller fish. Their average lifespan is 6-8 years old. The eggs are laid on vegetation, deep in the lake. Sometimes they lay

The birds live in many areas in the United States--around freshwater and seawater. They are birds of prey with a wingspan of 60’’. They are white bodied with a black stripe coming from their eye to their wings which are black also.

Average Yellow Perch length (TL) ranged from 87 (age 1) to 223mm (age 5), whereas, Pumpkinseed length ranged from 47mm (age 1) to 194mm (age 6) which is similar to other findings in many lakes in North America (Scott & Crossman 1998; Pierce, Rasmussen, & Leggett 1990). Pumpkinseed growth was constant for the first 4-5 years, then began to slow, whereas, growth in Yellow perch was constant for the first 2-3 years and began to slow which is similar to other studies (Copp, et al. 2004; Lauer & Doll 2007). This may be due to maturation age when energy is allocated to reproduction (Roff 1983). Purchase et al. (2005) studied life history traits of Yellow Perch in many Ontario lakes and found that Yellow Perch mature around age 2 (Purchase et al. 2005). Maturation age in Pumpkinseed is variable between lakes, but many reach maturity in their third year (Copp et al. 2004). Our results indicate that Pumpkinseed in this population may mature later since growth doesn’t appear to slow until after age 4-5 years.

Several native fish to Lake Michigan include; Lake Trout, Sea Lamprey, Deepwater Sculpin, Yellow Perch and Burbot (Tsehaye et al., 2014). However, these fish live in very different areas of the water and prefer different water temperature. Per the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Menominee, White Sucker, and Longnose Sucker fish are all bottom feeders. They prey on aquatic insects, fish eggs, small clams and crayfish. White Suckers prefer warm, shallow waters, but Longnose Suckers prefer cold, deeper waters. There are various fish that cannot be found deeper than 20-30 feet such as Largemouth Bass and Yellow Perch. Largemouth Bass are significantly larger in size and will often grow longer than 20 inches, while Yellow Perch are much smaller. On average, Yellow Perch grow to be between 4 and 10 inches long. The Largemouth Bass will prey on aquatic insects, but also eat minnows and other small fish. Within the Great Lakes, there are some species of fish that live in rocky areas. Brook Trout and Rock Bass are two fish that can be found in shallow, rocky water. Both Brook Trout and Rock Bass mostly feed on aquatic insects and can sometimes be found under logs and undercut

Sharks have a very different breathing system than most animals that live in or on this earth. Sharks also receive oxygen from the water through gills, yet, unlike fish, sharks do

Background Information:Goldfish are one of the easiest animals to take care of.However,the conditions must be right in order for a goldfish to survive and thrive,one of those variables is temperature.Goldfish are cold-water fish meaning they can survive in a wide range of temperatures but if the temperature is too extreme and the exposure is too long the goldfish will die(The Fish Tank Place).Goldfish are exothermic meaning that the temperature of the water is also their body temperature,meaning that the water temperature regulates their critical body functions(The Fish Tank Place).The ideal temperature for goldfish is between 68-75 degrees Fahrenheit/20-24 degrees Celsius(The Fish Tank Place).Sudden changes in temperature can stress the goldfish out and cause the fish to die.The average respiration rate for goldfish is 120 breaths per minute (Allen 3).Goldfish must have a set condition otherwise sudden changes can threaten the life of the goldfish

An investigation into the effects of varying seawater concentrations on two marine invertebrates’ osmoregulatory abilities; Carcinus maenas and Arenicola marina.