Evaluating Systematic Review

However, this is an argument about the structure of the U.S Healthcare System, rather than causation of skin cancer. Furthermore, Lee stresses that dermatologists use tanning beds to treat patients who suffer from psoriasis, a process referred to as phototherapy, which posed a conflict to my beliefs. This claim did make me question the validity of the link between tanning beds and skin cancer. However, when Lee suggested that dermatologists are monopolizing the tanning industry, he provided evidence that suggested dermatologists have been drastically decreasing their use of phototherapy. As a result, I believe that increased awareness has led most dermatologists to look for new and improved treatments for patients suffering from

According to International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (2007) systematic review about sunbeds and melanoma cancer worldwide, “First exposure to sunbeds before 35 years of age significantly increased the risk of melanoma” (1116). Further research strengthens the link between tanning beds and melanoma. Lazovich et al. (2010) studied the diagnosed cases of melanoma in the state of Minnesota between 2004-2007. The age group they studied was 25-59, and asked the study participants about their tanning bed practices (1557). They found out that the odds ratio “for the likelihood of melanoma in relation to having ever tanned indoors was 1.74…Melanoma risk increased markedly with frequency of use” (Lazovich et al., 2010, 1564).

Surprisingly, the sun-kissed tanned skin is what most younger whiter complexions are eagerly trying to desire; despite the risk of artificial tanning that could cause to a person’s health, but the rate of people using a tanning salon is still rising. In America, there are 30 million white females from ages 16 to 29 years old that are fascinated in indoor tanning (Becirevic, Amel et al, 2017). As the rate of tanning bed users rises the melanoma incident has also increased. Melanoma risk is associated with artificial tanning for a very long period of exposure to the ultraviolet radiation which skin problem can occur later in life. People used artificial tanning as it gives very quick result for a brief period and the fewest number of sessions

According to Mays and Tercyak (2015), “An estimated 9,000 deaths occur each year as a result of melanoma, and the costs of skin cancer treatment results in $8 billion annually (p. e70). The major concern for preventing skin cancer from resulting is due to indoor tanning salons (Mays & Tercyak, 2015). Most skin cancer cases are associated with indoor tanning salons (Mays & Tercyak, 2015). Young adults seem to know the risk of indoor tanning, but still do not protect themselves from the dangerous behavior (Hemrich et al., 2014). Even when young adults have family diagnosed with skin cancer, they still continue to tan and do not participate in safe skin-care prevention (Hemrich et al., 2014).

Tanning salons turn their attention toward cancer prevention and turn their backs on causing skin cancer. Lavine wrote, "The JNCI review noted that indoor tanning can increase a fair-skinned individual's risk of developing melanoma by 55%. And it can take a mere 10 indoor-tanning sessions to cause precancerous DNA damage, reports a recent review study by a Kings College London researcher (Lavine)." Melanoma is not the only form of skin cancer. Tanning beds play a role in the formation of other skin cancers as

There is a mass epidemic sweeping across the nation. It is exceedingly widespread and will continue to spread, unless we take action, now. This epidemic is: skin cancer.

So, the fact that skin cancer is the most common type of cancer is not shocking. There are two main categories of skin cancer: non-melanomas (also referred to as keratinocyte cancers), which include basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, and melanoma. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common, but melanoma is the most dangerous form. In 2006, a NMSC study showed over 3.5 million diagnosed cases in about 2.2 million people. Over 73,000 cases of melanoma are predicted for the current year of 2015.1

David E. Elder (2006) describes pathology of melanoma and discusses various risk factors associated with this skin cancer. According to his analysis of different causes of melanoma, older people are at more risk to be diagnosed with melanoma than younger people. Therefore, each explanatory variable that represents a risk factor

Over the past decades, the incidence of carcinoma has up in Australia. From 1982 to 2010 malignant melanoma diagnoses magnified. From 1998 to 2007, physician consultations to treat non-melanoma magnified by 14 July, to achieve 950,000 visits annually. On-melanoma is that the commonest kind of carcinoma. This sort of carcinoma is additional common in men, with nearly double the incidence compared to ladies. Over 434,000 folks area unit treated for one or additional non-melanoma skin cancers in Australia annually.

In 2011, there were 1544 deaths in Australia that resulted from melanoma. It is the fourth most common cancer that is diagnosed in Australia. There is a 1 in 14 chance for men to be diagnosed with melanoma by the age of 85, while for women it is 1 in 24. As a result, the country with the highest incidence for melanoma has become Australia. Although, these fatal events could have been prevented with the use of sun safety and being conscious with the risks.

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in America. Each year over one million people will be diagnosed and it is estimated that one in five adults will develop skin cancer in their lifetime (American Cancer Society). The incidence of skin cancer has increased significantly over the past three decades and is increasing more rapidly than any other form of cancer in America (American Cancer Society). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention categorizes skin cancer as an epidemic, meaning that there is currently a more higher than normal, widespread occurrence of skin cancer in the U.S. ("Skin Cancer."). It is therefore evident that skin cancer presents a dangerous threat to the public's health. The young adult population is especially

Australians are more prone to skin cancer than any other form of cancer. Skin cancer occurs when the skin cells are damaged due to over exposure to ultraviolet radiations. There are three types of skin cancer melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Over the past few decades the number of skin cancer has risen in Australia. Anyone can be at risk as chances increases as you grow older .Melanoma a type of skin cancer showed increase in diagnosis by 60% from the year 1982 to 2010 (Fransen et al., 2012). According to the latest data provided by, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2,209 people died of skin cancer in 2013 (Fransen et al., 2012). When compared to transport accidents skin cancer causes more deaths every year ("Skin cancer incidence and mortality - Skin Cancer Statistics and Issues," 2015). The effect of disease places a great demand on healthcare industry. As general practitioners (GPs) has encountered 1 million patients of skin care every year. Dr Colin Mathers(AIHW 's Principal Research Fellow), said that skin cancer is most expensive cancer in australia nearly $232million invested in cancers treatment ("New report analyses costs of cancer in Australia (AIHW)," 2015). The economic losses are also affecting Australian society due to significant production losses.

As medicine progress, the disease detection methods and the community awareness of the disease increases. In the past decade there has been an surge of number of malignancy conditions diagnosed than any other respiratory infection being the lead causes of deaths, as stated by the WHO(). Human body can be affected by multiple pathogenic factors in every part of it. Especially, the sensitive parts like the skin.Therefore, we can consider that one of the most vicious and yet common type of cancer is the skin cancer which attacks the skin and its components. About 5.4 million basal and squamous cell skin cancers are diagnosed each

Malignant Melanoma- Most deadly form of skin cancer, it can be cured by early detection and regular self-examination is very important. Can be detected by examining if your mole is asymmetrical, if the borders are irregular or blurred, the colour must be the same, the size and if the mole is growing. [The ABC’s of Melanoma, Addendum A]

Understanding the definition of skin cancer helps to prevent it. “Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer and is increasing at a faster rate than other cancer types, with about 600,000 cases occurring each year” (Mickler and Rodrigue 97). Most people do not know much about skin cancer, which is odd because it is the most common cancer. Skin cancer can even de-velop in a person who has never had a sunburn. Godsell states, “Ultraviolet radiation is responsi-ble for breaking down collagen, which leads to premature wrinkling of the skin” (34). In other words, skin cancer is