Evaluation Of A Classroom At The School Age Child 's Theory Of Mind Essay

People develop mindreading abilities when they start to understand others by having a cognitive theory of mind. Research evidence, children from the age of four begin to develop mindreading skills, psychologist control this by performing tasks such as the ‘Sally-Anne’ task and the ‘smarties’ task. However, arguments by psychologists define some children can pass visual perspective task from round the age of two and this demonstrates that children have some mindreading abilities following a developmental trajectory.

S states that there are four phases to the human memory. He suggests that using a filing cabinet approach to learning things help with memorization. “Human memory is a four - stage process: input, encoding, rehearsal, and retrieval. A problem at any stage affects memory and learning”, (S, 2013). The author goes on to discuss how each process works within his system of learning and memorizing. Inputting information into the filing cabinet is through sensory. We are using taste, smell, sight, hearing and touching at this point just to organize and get the information into the brain but not memorizing or learning anything yet. This phase is the same as the first step in “Tips from the Science of Memory-for Studying and for Life”. Arranging the information in a way that it gives the best structure for remembering it. Next, we encode the information with short term memory, only knowing that the information is there but it is not yet fully understood or committed to long term memory. After that we will rehearse and practice the information that is organized and filed neatly in the filing cabinet because now we know where to go to look for the correct information when we need it for retrieval, the final step of the process. We need to know where to look for the things we have rehearsed and practiced over and over, this information is now committed to long term memory and the only way to keep what we have learned in long term memory is to rehearse it continuously. The author gave some tips on how to maximize our memory capabilities such as studying in a well-lit area, be organized with study material and have everything you need before beginning, get 6-8 hours of sleep every night, and take planned breaks during studying

Jean Piaget investigated how children think. According to Piaget, children’s thought processes change as they mature physically and interact with the world around them. Piaget believed children develop schema, or mental models, to represent the world. As children learn, they expand and modify their schema through the processes of assimilation and

Mildred Parten and Jean Piaget are two theorists that have had great influences on the way we understand children. Piaget constructed the idea that a person’s thinking passes through four stages and as the person grows, their way of thinking changes thus entering a different stage. He emphasized mostly the preoperational stage, which is for ages two to seven years old. In this stage children are seen as illogical thinkers but they do engage in make-believe games by using objects for purposes other than their actual intended use. Between the ages of four and seven, they still do not think logically but they become interested in games that have rules, structure, and social interaction. Unlike Jean Piaget, Mildred Parten did not see types of

Further research has compared the results of the false belief task with executive functioning skills. Executive functioning is the capability to allow people to manage their thoughts and actions. One such test that psychologists have used to measure executive functioning is the bear-dragon task (Carlson and Moses, 2001, cited in Hewson, 2015). Using two puppets the child has to ignore one and copy the instructions (for example, pat your head) of the other. This is said to test conflict inhibition, which is the capability to contain reactions to stimuli when it is not suitable to do so. Therefore, if the child failed on a false belief task, they would probably fail executive functioning tasks. Evidence has shown (Apperly, 2011 cited Hewson, 2015) that this seems to be the case, but language skills could also play a part in the child’s understanding of both false belief and executive functioning. It also has been argued that the child’s own knowledge or lack of knowledge guides their answer. Therefore, psychology has helped to explain different aspects of ToM abilities. Furthermore, it shows how it is difficult to measure ToM with one simple study.

Jean Piaget is known for his theories in cognitive development theory. His theory is based on the idea that children constantly construct knowledge as they explore and mold their environment. There are four stages in Piaget’s theory, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operations, the stages also corresponds with how old the child is. Not every child will be in the stage that matches the child’s age because some children are exceptional. Piaget’s theory is based on the cognitive development of how the average child shows their learned behavior through performed tasks. As I went through the first interview, I realized that how the children came to develop their answers was what’s important about the assignment. each child with the Piagetian Task Kit, I started to realize The Piagetian Task Kit helped me examine and see where each child was at in their cognitive development level.

In the "Theory of Mind" video, the limitations of the preoperational child are shown in a variety of examples. The one with the flour footprint and the two dolls show that the boy named Ross, still can't see that the "mom" doll doesn't know what he knows. This example demonstrates the belief that young pre-operational children still lack: that the thoughts in your head are somehow public knowledge, and what you think is what everyone else thinks. The sticker experiment and the 'mean monkey' also display the limitations of children to understand that they can think of things that others cannot. Three-year-old Jacob never figures out that the monkey can be fooled. However, the second boy named Patrick "has crossed a threshold into the adult world;" he knows he can think things that others can't. His thoughts are his alone (at about 4.5 to 5 they begin to think this

1) Memory is the act of reviewing or processing of what has been studied. We use memory to learn and think in our everyday lives. Memory is a personal library in our brain for us to look back at information we encounter in our lives. While doing research on this paper I stumbled upon a lot of informations about memory and tips and trick to improve our memory. In chapter 7 of Karen Huffman and Katherine Dowdell's textbook, I learned amazing new bits knowledge into how we recall information and why we forget. Memory is broken up into three parts. You have encoding, storage, retrieval. Encoding is the introductory learning data. Storage is the maintenance of encoded data over time. Retrieval is the ability to get to the data when you need it. All three of memory stages figures out if something is recollected or forgotten. Students will likely not remember

Elaborative rehearsal is a thinking process. A technique to help the short-term memory store the thoughts and or ideas. After the memory pass through short-term memory, it continues into long-term. The concept comes from relating new concepts to the old concepts, which are already in the long-term memory, so the new ones stick. Basically, to remember something by relating it to something familiar that's already in your long-term memory. Functioning at the comprehension and application levels of thinking is used in the elaboration. An example is remembering the SMARTS acronym, to allow me to remember specific, measurable, achievable, results-orientated, time-bound, and supportive. Another example is taking defining words from your notes and

Many research has been done to study the milestones in human development. It allows us to measure cognitive development, thence allowing us to design a suitable education system. An important area of research is the ability to interpret others’ behaviours. The Theory of Mind (ToM) is predominantly the ability to acknowledge other individuals’s true and false beliefs (Wellman, Cross, & Watson, 2001). The false belief task, arguably the most intensely studied aspect of ToM, was designed to test whether a child can distinguish between his or her mental states, such as thoughts and desires, from others (Symons D.K., 2011). False Belief Understanding (FBU) entails having the ability to attribute mental states to others to predict their behaviour.

Describe what evolutionary psychologists mean when they employ the term ‘theory of mind’. Use examples and research studies from Book 1, Chapter 2 to show why this theory is important in evolutionary psychology.

The stability of the mind is uncertain in the medical field. Even though researches about how the mind works has helped us developed a better understanding about the human mind and its behavior, they have failed to give us a complete and knowledgeable concrete answer to all the questions of its deep studies. The human mind is still a very abroad subject to medicine. What makes a mind stable and what triggers mental illnesses is a question that will still be unknown to the medical field for more years to come. The understanding of the mind is a quest that has started since the beginning of human civilization and it has not stopped. The mind is an organ of its own, and it develops its own unique style of evolution through time. It is a very small organ that is responsible for the function of the human body. All our functions come from there, the way we speak, think and behave. As all other organs, it also has its own illnesses that for many centuries we have tried to understand. The illness of the mind still has no cure and what science has found only contributes to the temporary solution, but not the cure of the illness. One of the most severe forms of mental illness is Schizophrenia. This illness has tormented people since the beginning of history. Schizophrenia, the illness that is still very mysterious to medicine; the symptoms, the cause, diagnosis, types of schizophrenia and the medication are not the solutions for a lasting illness.

William Blake, a poet that strongly believed in the power of mind, once wrote, "if we see with imagination, we see all things in the infinite." The Romantic poets use their imagination when gazing at nature, and therefore see and feel the infinite through their poetry. William Wordsworth expresses the serene beauty that nature possesses and its calming effects on the mind. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, one of the poetic geniuses of the age, uses nature and his imagination to create surreal atmospheres. Another Romantic poet, by the name of Percy Bysshe Shelley, shows great longing for the freedom that nature possesses and the freeing effect it has on him. These poets of the Romantic period look at nature from a higher consciousness

About Mnemonics: Mnemonic devices are useful memory aids that can be applied to many different aspects of daily life. There are always certain tidbits of information that people just can’t seem to remember in the form they are presented. People rely on mnemonics when they create some association between that information they wish to remember and other concepts that they already know, or find easier to remember. The use of mnemonics has also been shown to be of significant value in the field of education. Manalo has shown that instruction using a specific type of mnemonics known as “process mnemonics” produced improvements of mathematical ability in students classified as learning disabled [3].Process mnemonics are used

Individuals of these age groups would use the rehearsal cognitive strategies to be able to remember information for a short time. An example of a child using the rehearsal cognitive strategies would be repeating and spelling their spelling words for their spelling test. An another example is when youth of this age group repeat their multiplication to memorize the answer. An example of an adolescence using the rehearsal cognitive strategies would be memorizing their math formula for a test by repeating the formula to their self. An another example of rehearsal cognitive strategies that is used by the adolescence group would be memorizing their state driver license book by repeating the rules their