Adult Intensive Probation Provision (IPS)

Since 2003, the National Probation Service (NPS) has incorporated the Offender Assessment Systems (OASys), (Bracken, 2010). OASys is a standardised, evidence based instrument used to measure the likelihood of recidivism and ROSH. Consideration is also given, to the circumstances of the offence, the type and vulnerability of the victim and the criminogenic needs associated with offending (NOMS, 2010). Robust risk assessments are a mandatory aspects of professional practice (Kemshall, 2007) however, there are no set guidelines which determine criminality (Howard, 2000). ROSH needs to be assessed individually, as no one static, dynamic or acute risk factor is ever indicative of a specific offending behaviours (Powis, 2002). There has been some

“The Prison and Probation Service has two main goals: To contribute to the reduction of criminality, and to work to increase safety in society. To achieve these goals we work with sentenced persons in order to improve their possibilities of living a life without committing new crimes.” (Linstrom and Leijonram)

The most common intermediate sanction created to divert offenders from the correctional system is Intensive Supervision Probation also known as ISP. Although ISPs originally sought out to provide an alternative to the correctional system, ISPs were also meant to maintain a high degree of control and surveillance in the community (Fulton, Latessa, Stichman, & Travis, 1997). Intensive supervision probation was implemented in the 1950s. The original idea was for officers to have smaller caseloads so that offenders could be monitored more closely however, in the 1970s probation departments experienced

Probation serves as the most frequently used sentence for those convicted. This is evident when you consider that the United States justice system oversees nearly 7 million people. Over half of those, a staggering 3.7 million people, are on probation with another 840,000 on parole (Rabuy, 2017). With those individuals representing the largest percentage of the American corrections system, it is important that we learn as much as possible about probation in order to improve the success of these programs. Probation involves a set of conditions that the probationer agrees to adhere to in exchange for remaining in the community. Typical conditions include a waiver of the offenders fourth amendment rights, maintaining employment or school

should define the topics of discussion and articulate the problem that will be discussed in

3.What is the (ICOTS) System? The system facilitates the transfer of supervision for those probationer and parolees

The issue is intermediate sanctions and community corrections within the correctional practices. The two classic forms of punishment/supervision for crimes in the United States are imprisonment and probation. Imprisonment is extremely expensive, often too harsh for both the offender and his/her family based on the crime committed, and tends to be far less effective than hoped in rehabilitating the offender. Probation is used far more frequently than imprisonment but is problematic because many repeat offenders have already unsuccessfully undergone prior probation and there is a lack of supervision due to the heavy caseloads of probation department caseworkers. Faced with the great expense, extreme nature and ineffectiveness of imprisonment vs. the ineffectiveness and lack of supervision in probation, lawmakers have struggled to fill the gap between those two classic law enforcement measures with

Juvenile Probation Officers have the authority of a Peace Officer when handling any probationer in the state of Arizona. When dealing with a juvenile on probation, a Probation Officer has the power to arrest with only reasonable suspicion. A Probation Officer also has the right to search a probationer without a warrant. All of these authorities of a Police Officer are honored to a Probation Officer when encountering a

The program itself involves three different areas under the branch. These areas are Intensive Supervision/Electronic Monitoring (EM), Intensive community Program (IC), and the Bail Verification and Supervision Program (BV). The Intensive Supervision/Electronic Monitoring program is a sentencing release option that provides intensive planning, high levels of supervision, surveillance and control (CSRS, 2012) The program is designed for those who would otherwise be sentenced to incarceration, so by keeping them in the community, they are given opportunities to participate in re-integration planning with members from the community and their families. Referrals to this program can only be made by a court judge, prosecutor, defense counsel or probation officer and can only be ordered by the court (CSRS, 2012). Like the EM program, The Intensive Community Program provides re-integration opportunities to individuals rather than incarceration under intense supervision. The Bail Verification program also provides an alternative to incarceration while the individual is pending trial or sentencing. All of these programs are designed to promote community integration under intense supervision. Service providers are used in both urban and rural settings. Services such as transportation are more important for rural areas, as programming, education, and employment are

Both jail and prison offer some type of early released programs, in this case probation and parole will briefly be discussed. Probation is a prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follow certain prescribed rules and commit no further crime (Seiter, 2008). Parole is similar to probation except that it is after a period of incarceration, which involved determinate and indeterminate sentencing (Seiter, 2008). The other types of prison sentencing include mandatory minimums, three-strike laws, and truth-in-sentencing (Wilson, 2001). The only difference is that a parole board allows convicts to serve the remainder of their term in society under supervision and strict limitations (Wilson, 2001). In summary both jails and prisons should strive to provide as much educational, health, and counseling opportunities as possible to reduce the likelihood of recidivism. Second, funding for the jail and prison systems will be briefly discussed.

I enjoyed your paper, it was one of the best in providing informative details about specific need and risks. Also, it was mentioned that probation officers should focus more on the offender that pose the most benefit from interventions and treatment. In fact, after reading your paper it is safe to infer that regardless of the risk factor, both should be highly supervised. In addition, a low-risk offender could face difficulties and challenges that require immediate attention because this offender may not be required to receive interventions and treatment due to their classification. While, On the other hand, a high-risk offender receiving both practices becomes less vulnerable of reoffending.

Nearly six decades later, six states had passed laws regarding probation. By 1910, “thirty-two more states had passed legislation establishing juvenile probation” (Probation Historical Roots, 2013). Twenty years later, forty-nine out of fifty states had a juvenile probation law (Probation Historical Roots, 2013). Today, as defined by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, “probation refers to adult offenders whom courts place on supervision in the community through a probation agency, generally in lieu of incarceration” (Community Corrections (Probation and Parole),

As through research one can say that a considerable amount of individuals who were sentenced for crime did not serve prison terms. Probation gives criminals a suspended or a waive through prison sentence and instead they are sent to the probation department for controlled activities in the community. Examples could include; education, work, restitution, therapy. The probation officer will have prepared a presentence investigation or presentence report. The PSI and the PSR gives a brief description of the individual’s criminal and noncriminal profile. These reports basically decide whether probation should be given or not. If probation is recommended a course of activities and restrictions for the probationer would be specified. The circumstances may be rigorous, for example; house arrest, electronic surveillance, curfews, no meetings with former friends. On the other hand, they could also be less stringent, for instance; attending school or a treatment program, not drinking spirits, and making monthly visits to the probation officer. Probation can last for the length of the suspended sentence or in cases involving young offenders, probation terms may range from a few months to two years. (Voigt, 1994 pg

Probation and parole are an important part of the criminal justice process, and both are

Home confinement is often a resource used by the United States Department of Justice to facilitate supervision of the offender during pretrial and probation (Hofer & Meierhofer, 1987, p 7). It facilitates the pretrial process because it ensures the offender will fulfill his or her responsibility to court because the juvenile’s very movements are being electronically monitored. In addition, it facilitates probation compliance because it requires the offender to remain in his or her abode. However, home confinement is not limited to keeping the offender at home at all times. It is an intensive supervision program that varies in the strictness of supervision depending on the type of offender. This alternative to incarceration can be easily modified to allow juveniles to attend school, go to work, attend recreational or extracurricular activities, etc. Home confinement has three different levels of restrictions: Curfew, home detention and home incarceration. Curfew, obliges offenders to be at their home during specific hours. Home Detention is more severe than curfew. It offers greater control over the offender and it requires