Evaluation Of A Research Study Proposal

Inadequate nurse staffing is commonly cited as a factor in unanticipated hospital events (ANA, 2015), whereas higher staffing levels are related to lower rates of negative patient outcomes (Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act [RNSSA] of 2015, 2015; MN study links nurse staffing to patient outcomes, 2015). For example, inappropriate nurse staffing can result in increased infections such as pneumonia, shock, cardiac arrest, and urinary tract infections (Stanton, 2004), longer hospital stays, medication errors, falls, injuries, and death (ANA, 2015; Stanton, 2004).

For over a decade researchers have been performing studies examining the effects patient-to-nurse ratios have on adverse outcomes, mortality rates, and failure-to-rescue rates of patients and on job dissatisfaction and burnout experiences of nurses. Aiken, Sloane, Sochalski, and Silber (2002) performed a study which showed that each additional patient per nurse increased patient mortality within 30 days of admission by 7% and increased failure-to-rescue by 7% as well. This same study also showed that each additional patient per nurse resulted in a 23% increase in nurse burnout and a 15% increase in job dissatisfaction. Additionally, Rafferty et al. (2007) performed a study in which the results showed that patients in hospitals with higher patient-to-nurse ratios had a 26% higher mortality rate and nurses were twice as likely to have job dissatisfaction and experience burnout. Blegen, Goode, Spetz, Vaughn, and Park (2011) performed a study where results showed that more staffing hours for nurses resulted in lower rates of congestive heart failure morality, infection, and prolonged hospital stays. The same study also showed that increased nursing care from registered nurses resulted in lower infection and failure to rescue rates and fewer cases of sepsis.

“The developed world deprives children of a basic and inalienable right: unstructured outdoor play. Children today have substantially less access to nature, less free range, and less time for independent play than previous generations had.” This quote is from the research based paper titled, “Where the Wild Things Should Be: Healing Nature Deficit Disorder through the Schoolyard." This article touches many aspects of how children now a days need more exposure to nature like it was on the older days. Currently, there are many playgrounds around the United States and even more the world. This article is trying to bring awareness to the problem of if playgrounds do not have enough nature or is too safe then it is

Nurse managers should consider patient needs, level of education, expertise and work satisfaction before dictating the number of nurses-to-patient ration (Murray, 2017). Reported by Martin (2015), the risk of mortality can be decreased by 50%. Starting with the nurses, a large amount of workload can bring fatigue, inadequate sleep, employment and increase in calls-out which leaves nurse managers to make changes to assignments. This takes times out of the resource nurse shift to focus on redistributing patient, in turn, causes a delay in starting their plan of care. As an aide, there have been times at Meritus where a nurse calls out and the resource nurse at least spends an hour with the outgoing nurse communicating with the staffing office to ask for a float pool nurse. On the other hand, outcomes such as “pneumonia, shock, cardiac arrest, and urinary tract infections are directly related to low nurse staffing” (Martin, 2015). On the stroke medical-surgical unit, sometimes there is one aide for 28 patients. Some of these patients need turning every two hours, incontinent or bedrest, but it is difficult to attend to all of them on an hourly rounding base and provide adequate care to each of them. At one point, a new graduate nurse was given seven patients to care for. According to Meritus nurse residency program, new grads can have up to six patients on a medical-surgical floor. One can only imagine how overwhelming that can be for a new nurse. To help prevent these poor outcomes from occurring, strategies to improve nurse staffing can be utilized by

Most of the avoidable conditions that are identified by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) are nurse sensitive, and what nurses do, or do not do, based on scientific evidence, will influence patient care outcomes. Furthermore, research that was published over 10-years ago, correlated a decrease in patient morbidity and mortality proportionate to the number of Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), or higher educated bedside Registered Nurses (RN) (Edwards, 2013).

This paper will address and evaluate the research problem itself, the design of the study, the sample, how the data is collected, its limitations, and its findings. Furthermore, how does this study impact the overall nursing process?

I will methodically analyze all parts of the study to assess the validity of the article, by contrasting and comparing the information provided, with previous literature. I will try to make sure that recommendations provided by the authors are congruous with nursing practice and beneficial to the advancement of it. I will as much as possible provide in depth detail of previous studies on the same topic that either support or contradict the analysis provided by this study and its authors.

The lead researcher in this study was Mary A. Blegen, PhD. Dr. Blegen and her colleagues study were built to examine the effects of registered nurse education, by determining whether nurse-sensitive patient outcomes were better in hospitals with a higher proportion of RNs with baccalaureate degrees. This was a cross-sectional study that was conduction using data from 21 University HealthSystem Consortium hospitals. The clinical data set contained patient diagnosis and procedure codes, actual and expected length of stay, while the operational data set contained direct caregiver hours for each unit. The study found that there is strong association with RNs with baccalaureate or higher degrees with better nurse-sensitive patient outcome; in regards

Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit 14 participants. A purposive sample is a non-representative subset of a larger population and is constructed to serve a very specific need or purpose. Research assistants distributed study flyers at hospitals and professional meetings throughout one Southeastern state. Criteria for inclusion included being an RN over the age of 50, working in direct patient care, and having a self-identified history of depression and/or musculoskeletal pain. Study participants included 13female and one male RN ranging in age from 50 to 65 years (mean of 57 years). Twelve of the RNs worked full time, two worked part time; eight worked the day shift, four worked the night shift, and two worked the evening shift. Thirteen of the participants were Caucasian and one was African American. Seven of the RNs worked in critical care settings, two worked in geriatric rehabilitation, and the others worked in newborn nursery, surgical,

Medicare, and other publicly available administrative data” (Duffield et al., 2011, p. 245). The writer of this paper researched 5 relevant articles regarding the relationship between nurse to patient ratio, morbidity, and mortality, every article related similar information. “A systematic review of 102 studies concluded that increased RN staffing levels are associated with lower rates of morbidity and mortality” (Ball, Murrells, Rafferty, Morrow, & Griffiths, 2013, p. 2).

Critical care nursing is a roller coaster ride. It has a lot of surprises throughout the day and you never know what is around the corner. Our Critical Care Step-Down Unit here at the Davenport Hospital has a capacity of 30 beds (6 private and 12 semi-private rooms). 2 West accommodates a variety of patients, such as adult postsurgical, trauma, seizures, renal failure, and myocardial infarction patients. This unit provides care for patients that have been discharged from an Intensive Care unit, but they are not stable and require a high level of monitoring before they return in a general medical surgical floor. Lately our unit has been struggled with staff shortage. It has been weeks that in the day shift there are only 3 registered nurses and each of them provide care to 6 or 7 patients. Based on the hospital protocol policy nurse-to-patient ratio in a step-down unit must be 1:4 or less at all times. In addition, I am designing this written proposal to seek approval of hiring a new critical care nurse in 2 west step-down unit. The above proposed nursing position will definitely benefit both the unit staff and patient population. The nursing shortage can easily lead to nursing burnout such as fatigue, injuries, and dissatisfaction. Also, nurses that work in such conditions are more predisposed on making mistakes and medical errors. This proposal will definitely benefit the patient who are being treated in this unit as well. According to Huber

The sampling method used was nonprobability, convenience sampling. This was inferred. The sample size was the 80 nursing staff located on this particular medical-surgical unit. These 80 staff members were recruited, 37 did not participate and 43 agreed to participate with a participation rate of 54% (Kalisch et al., 2015, pg. 170). Only 16 participants truly completed the study by completing the pre and posttests. The attrition rate for this study was 62.8%.

We conducted a prospective observational study in the adult Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a teaching not-for-profit hospital in Maharashtra between August 2014 and October 2015. Postgraduate residents in their second and third years of residency program are posted in the 26-bed ICU on 12-hour work shifts for a total duration of 2 months. The nurse-to-patient ratio in the ICU is 1:4.

The research survey was fairly effective in helping me identify focal areas as a coach, design strategic steps to provide the missing areas of support, and implement those steps to connect with teachers. The survey feedback was valuable in showing how well I have done with my relational connection; I believe this is a product of my cognitive coaching. Conversely, knowing that 84% of the teachers desired more planning support provided a clear target.

Within the following paragraphs and presentation Team A will identify the research proposal of the education and mindset behind the choice of a career in law enforcement. The objective of the research is to understand and develop funding needed for that choice. The proposal will include the methods used, the factors, significance behind the design, procedures followed, and if the results are confirmed within the hypothesis. The anticipated outcome of this research is to understand why the choice of a career in law enforcement and address the needs of education and funding to help