Evaluation Of Psychiatric Disorders On Pd Diagnosis

The main symptoms and signs of Parkinson’s are bradykinesia, rigidity and rest tremor. Parkinson’s is mainly seen as a movement disorder, but other areas of health problems are associated with it. These include depression and dementia along with autonomic disturbances and pain, although considered to be rare they can present at a later stage of the condition. These rarer symptoms, as they progress, can lead to substantial disability and handicap which harms quality of life for the person living with Parkinson’s, this also has an impact on families and carer’s.

Published studies of psychosocial factors or interventions associated to PDN were reviewed. This included a search of the following electronic databases, from 1946 to up to 10 August 2017: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Web of Science, ISRCTN registry, ClinicalTrials.gov registry, and EU Clinical Trials registry. Also, the reference lists of all included papers and of related published reviews (e.g., Eccleston et al., 2015) were screened to identify any additional eligible studies.

J.N., a 65-year-old Caucasian female with a history of anxiety and depression, presents for diagnostic testing at Saint Mary Medical Center in Hobart, Indiana to confirm or deny a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease, after presenting with recent onset of upper extremity tremor affecting both sides and facial masking. Patient history also includes bradykinesia, restlessness, fatigue, muscle weakness, and poor balance and coordination, all of which are common in a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease. J.N. was referred to the Neurology Department of Saint Mary Medical Center after a routine appointment with her Cardiologist, who noted the recent onset of additional signs and symptoms. J.N. is my mother and my inspiration for this assignment.

Parkinson disease (PD), also referred to as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis agitans, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the third most common neurologic disorder of older adults. It is a debilitating disease affecting motor ability and is characterized by four cardinal symptoms: tremor rigidity, bradykinesia or kinesis (slow movement/no movement), and postural instability. Most people have primary, or idiopathic, disease. A few patients have secondary parkinsonian symptoms from conditions such as brain tumors and certain anti-psychotic drugs.

These deficits increase during the course of the disease and are due to loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in the motor circuits in the basal ganglia which are necessary for control and coordination of movements. The symptoms displayed because of this are: bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity of muscles and impaired posture (Millage, Vesey, Finkelstein, & Anheluk, 2017). Research indicates that exercise modalities can improve both motor and non-motor aspects of PD (Dashtipour et al., 2015).

Although the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown, it is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of ventral midbrain region [9]; [1]. Its prevalence is associated with age. Approximately 1% of the population is affected at 65–70 years of age, which increases to 4–5% in 85-year-olds [2]. Various epidemiological studies and pathological analyses have demonstrated that mean age of onset in sporadic PD, which accounts for about 95% of cases of Parkinsonism is 70 years [7]; [3]. Familial form of Parkinson’s disease is linked to genetic mutations and has prevalence rate of 4%. Familial Parkinson’s disease patients develop early-onset disease before the age of 50

Parkinson’s disease is also accompanied by dementia in some cases. Your thinking becomes difficult due to cognitive problems in the brain. Depression and emotional changes in your person may develop also. You may feel panicked, anxious, or even lose motivation to carry out your day. Symptoms like these can be cured with anti-depressants. Drooling may become an issue due to it being hard, or slowed swallowing.

(1990) showed that PD patients were at higher risk for hypertension, heart attack, and stroke compared with subjects with no psychiatric diagnosis. In two retrospective reports, Coryell et al. (1982, 1986) linked PD with an increased risk for cardiac death in males but not in female PD patients, suggesting a potential gender difference regarding association of CV risk in PD patients. In two prospective studies where incident cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) among cohorts were determined, Kawachi et al. (1994) and Haines et al. (1987) linked phobic anxiety, a key feature of PD, to an increased relative risk for cardiac mortality in the male-only population included in the studies. There have been a few studies investigating the biological reasons for an association between PD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CV death, but the definitive mechanisms remain to be elucidated (Yeragani et al. 1990; Dakak et al. 1995; Krantz et al. 1996).

The diagnosis given to Maria is Dysthymic Disorder. Maria has been having trouble sleeping at night, feeling ‘jumpy’, and not able to concentrate. I suspect this has been going on for a while and possibly co-occurs with other psychological symptoms. Further questioning Maria about her past and present symptom onset will help in confirming this diagnosis to help treat her appropriately.

Alleged disability: Major depressive disorder, heel spurs/fasciitis, arthritis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, mild intellectual disorder, anxiety, and irritable bowel.

Parkinson’s Disease is a long-term progressive neurodegenerative disease consisting of motor system impairment, neuropsychiatric, and nonmotor features. The disease is characterized by the following key clinical features: bradykinesia, resting tremor, postural instability, and rigidity. These symptoms are due to the diminishing of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway and substantia nigra, which causes inhibition of the thalamus decreasing excitatory input to the motor cortex.1 Along with the key manifestations an individual with Parkinson’s Disease will experience problems associated with the disease or the antiparkinson medications. These co-occurring problems are hallucinations, dementia, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depression, and pyschosis.2 Psychosis is a common problem in Parkinson’s Disease, and is characterized by paranoid delusions and hallucinations that are visual in nature.2 Risk factors for psychosis consists of advancing age, dementia, sleep disorders, and high doses of antiparkinson drugs.1

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common idiopathic neurologic disease that affects nearly 1-2% of individuals over the age of 50. It is a slowly progressive disease with a life expectancy of 15 years following the initial diagnosis (Duffy, 2013). Having relatives diagnosed with PD increases the likelihood of being diagnosed with PD. In fact, one third of individuals with two or more relatives diagnosed with PD will likely acquire the disease (Duffy, 2013). Other possible causes may include unidentified environmental toxins, such as herbicides and pesticides.

Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity or stiffness, and balance disorder. Parkinson’s Disease doesn’t have a cure and the cause is unknown it could be a number of things genetics, environmental triggers, age, or gender. Parkinson’s Disease happens because the dopaminergic neuron dies and

Parkinson disease (PD) is a condition consisting of many unanswered questions. What causes it? Is it a genetic disorder? How will an individual know if they will be diagnosed with it in their lifetime? The list of enquiries one might present is endless. However, before even attempting to answer any questions, it is essential to understand the disease as a whole. In order to do so, grasping basic background information as well as data on PD is necessary. Following that, discussing material regarding the science behind the disease will provide a deeper understanding when examining the subsequent etiologies, signs, and symptoms.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). PD involves the loss of cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in a part of the brain stem called the substansia nigra, which results in several signs and symptoms (Byrd, Marks, and Starr, 2000). It is manifested clinically by tremor,