Evaluation Of Screening For Breast Cancer

This poster urges the importance of getting examined early so the risk of breast cancer greatly diminishes.

Nurse Practitioner Veneta Masson, author of “Why I don’t Get Mammograms” argues the topic of how routine mammograms don’t save lives. Masson being a health care professional has been well educated on maintaining optimum health and preventing disease. Though she may have the knowledge and awareness, she however uses faulty generalizations as to why she does not receive annual mammogram

Nature and scope of the project: Despite the advances in medical technology, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and is the second cause of mortality in African-American and Caucasian women in the United States. Mammography has shown to be one of the best method to reduce late detection of breast cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends monthly self-breast examination (SBE), clinical breast examination every three years and mammography starting at age of 40. Despite the recommendations, there is a disparity among different racial groups. The breast cancer screening rates are higher in certain subgroups, including low-income African-Americans and Hispanic

Over the past two decades, mammography has become the central tool used to detect cancerous regions within the breast. This evolution has been enabled by advancements in the technology itself and its implementation into healthcare regulations of numerous countries around the world (Pisano et al., 2004). In its beginning stages, breast cancer is a relatively treatable disease, and increased awareness for both mammograms and self-breast examinations have led to earlier diagnoses. Studies suggest that increases in mammography screenings have been one of the main reasons that breast

Mammography, the most effective method for detecting breast cancer at its early stages, can identify malignancies before they can be felt and before symptoms develop. According to the report, from 2000 to 2010, the percentage of women who received a mammogram decline for women from poor and low-income households and for non-Hispanic whites. Furthermore, women from poor, low-income, and middle-income households were less likely to receive a mammogram compared with women from high-income households. In National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR), among women ages 50-64, uninsured women were less likely to receive a mammogram compared with those with private insurance. The two main factors that serve as a barrier to early detection and cure for breast cancer are socio-economic status (no health insurance/poor access to healthcare) and lack of awareness of the importance of breast cancer screening. The impact of these factors is to the patients and their families is that frequently, breast cancer would be detected at an already advanced stage and the prognosis would be poor, leading to mortality. Cancer diagnosed early before spread has occurred are generally more amenable to treatment and cancers diagnosed late with extensive spread have poor prognoses. In these cases, treatment would just be of palliative in nature. Early detection through screening means early treatment and lower mortality

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in American women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). However, regular screening and mammograms can help reduce the mortality rates of breast cancer patients (LaPorta, et al., 2017). Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include lumps, abnormal changes to the nipple, abnormal discharge from the nipple, or change in color of the breast or part of the breast (Asuquo and Olajide, 2015). There are many factors that can put women at risk of developing breast cancer, the two most common being growing older and being female (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Other risk factors can include things such as a

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States. A mammogram, is a simple test done with x-ray, to screen women for abnormalities of the breast. Over the past six years, the guidelines put out by various healthcare organizations have changed multiple times on when women should begin screening mammograms. Based on statistical data collected by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), 20 percent of women go without a screening mammogram for their own various reasons, of which may be lack of insurance, lack of time or lack of knowledge as to when they should be getting a screening mammogram done due to the recent changes in recommendations. The utilization of annual screening mammograms beginning at age 40 will continue to help reduce the incidence rate of women with breast cancer, or catch it early enough so that treatment can be sought.

The age range 50-69 is where mortality rate reduction was seen at its greatest. The main evidence used in favour for breast screening and Forrest report came from the studies and randomised control trials conducted in Sweden.

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the US. About 40,000 women die from breast cancer each year, making it “the second leading cause of cancer death among women” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) requires insurers to “provide coverage for and shall not impose any cost sharing requirements for” preventive services which are “in the current recommendation of the United States Preventive Services Task Force” (USPSTF). Nevertheless, the ACA makes an exception for breast cancer screening by stating that the USPSTF’s recommendation regarding mammogram “shall be considered the most current other than those issued in or around November 2009”. By using this legislative tool, the federal government mandates health insurers to provide coverage for annual or biennial mammograms in women aged 40 and older (US Preventive Services Task Force, 2013).

Mammograms are used for screening purposes and for accurate diagnosis of breast cancer or diseases. Screening and diagnostic mammograms are the two types of mammograms. National Cancer Institute (2016) states, “Screening mammograms usually involve two or more x-ray pictures, or images, of each breast. Diagnostic mammograms can also be used to check for breast cancer after a lump or other sign or symptom of the disease has been found”. There are several issues concerning mammograms such as false-positive results. In addition, screening is an issue with individuals with breast implants. False- positive results is could be caused if the individual is taking hormonal therapy or have dense breast tissue. National Cancer Institute (2016) explains, “More than 50% of women screened annually for 10 years in the United States will experience a

Early detection of breast cancer requires early diagnosis of women with breast cancer symptoms, and in addition can include more intensive breast cancer screening in women without recognized cancer symptoms. When properly collected and documented in hospital-based, regional or national cancer registries,

In today’s society many women are not getting their mammograms done because they feel like they are not necessary or because they are scared of the results of the mammograms. Since women do not get their mammograms done they are more exposed to breast cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, women who get mammograms reduce about “15% to 20% in mortality from breast cancer” (“National Cancer Institute” 1). If women would get their mammograms the rate number increase and there will be less deaths in women.

Three-quarters of all breast cancer patients are not in any of the groups considered at increased risk for breast cancer, indicating that not all risk factors are understood. As a result, doctors recommend that every woman should familiarize herself with the techniques for monthly breast self-examination. X-ray examination of the breasts, a technique called mammography, can detect tumors before they are large enough to be felt and increase the odds for successful treatment. The American Cancer Society recommends that women over age 40

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a common diagnosed cancer among women. The cancer affects thousands of lives yearly. It’s estimated that 30,700 new cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2016. The cause for breast cancer occurs when the cells begin to grow out of control. The cells buildup and eventually form a tumor which can be felt as a lump around the breast area. African American women are the most affected by the cancer. Breast cancer is the second common cancer deaths for African American women. Breast cancer incidence rates among African American women increased drastically during the 1980s. The survival rate for African American women are 80% compared to 91% of white women during early diagnosed stage. A diagnostic test use to make detailed pictures of the inside of the breast is Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The test itself is

Through these screenings, prognosis improves when breast cancers are discovered in their earlier stages. Better access to health care for all citizens owing to Singapore’s economic growth and urban development too, allowed for earlier detection (Jara-Lazaro, Thilagaratnam, & Tan, 2010). Life expectancy of breast cancer patients hence have improved quite spectacularly with early detection and successful treatments that delayed cancer deaths (Beesley et al., 2008). This means that more people have lived with and survived breast cancer (Jara-Lazaro, et al., 2010).