The Da Vinci Robot

In today’s time of demand and supply of healthcare needs, organizations must discover or improve services that can meet the needs of patients’ whole at the same time generating revenue as well as achieving high standards for quality of care. One way organizations have done this is by investing in robotic systems to carry out a range of surgeries. In the following presentation I will discuss the topics of: Investing in the MAKO RIO Robotic System, The Utilization of the RIO Robotic System, Stakeholders

This all began in the year 2000, when the Food and Drug Administration approved the latest and most popular medical device, the Da Vinci Surgical System manufactured by Intuitive Surgical Inc. Today, over 3,300 systems of da Vinci device are used in operating rooms today according

Surgery has always conducted by a surgeon and the patient is also co-located in the same room. The surgeon doing the operation with his hands by holding the surgical instruments on his hand. But today, the evolution of robotics in surgical area changes the face of traditional surgery. Today surgeon can sit several feet away from the patient and conduct the operation. Here several robotic arms are mimics the surgeon’s hand. Such systems are now widely available for Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS).

Robotic-assisted surgery is a robotic machine that is designed to help assist in surgical procedures. It is programmed to help aid the surgeon with the placement and movement of surgical instruments. A surgeon’s hand movements control the robot. Each of the surgeon’s fingers is placed inside of a circular part designed for their hands to fit into. There are

The Da Vinci Surgical System is a large purpose-built robot controlled by a surgeon that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures on patients. The system incorporates an ergonomically designed surgeon's console, a patient-side module with four interactive robotic arms, each with interchangeable surgical instruments and a 3-dimensional endoscopic vision system. Powered by high-tech supercomputers, the surgeon's hand movements are scaled, filtered and then converted into precise movements of the surgical attachments. The designers of the system are a team of doctors, engineers and biomedical engineers at a company called Intuitive Surgical.

This robotic device can be used for several different surgical procedures ranging from gynecology surgeries to cancer procedures. Three components comprise the da Vinci surgery system: a high definition 3 dimensional vision system, a surgeon console and a patient cart. The patient cart contains four interactive robotic arms that are controlled by the surgeon during surgery. The robotic arms each hold the surgical instruments needed to perform the surgery. One of the robotic arms also holds a camera so the surgeon can view the surgical area he needs to perform on. While seated at the surgeon console, the da Vinci surgeon views the patient and the surgical field through a remarkable clear 3 dimensional screen. Forceps controls are also provided for the surgeon to manipulate the four interactive robotic arms. Each surgical instrument copies the surgeon’s movement to perform the surgery.

Although robotic assisted surgery has grown worldwide, and particularly in the United States where more than 67% of all da Vinci robots are installed, but as with any disruptive technology it faces some skepticism and challenges.

There have been nearly 400,000 surgeries across the nation involving the da Vinci in 2013, nearly tripling the number just four years prior. There have been number incidents with the robotic surgeon, some including that the hand wouldn’t let go of tissue during the surgery and the robotic arm hitting the face of a woman as she lay there being operated on. These machines are generally used to remove gallbladders, prostates, wombs, to repair heart valves, and help with shrinking stomachs and transplanting human organs. Doctors who use these robots report that they are beneficial because they are less tired during the operation because most of their time requires sitting and amongst all benefits, robot hands

One cutting-edge present technology that this paper will explore is the da Vinci Surgical Robotic System [1], which is being used at Johns Hopkins [2]. This system performs minimally invasive cardiac surgery; it makes the cuts more precise and saves lives. In the future, robotic surgery will become more advanced, as sensory feedback in the da Vinci system could be a future breakthrough that could revolutionize the whole concept of robotic surgery. We envision an improved da Vinci system, with sensory feedback, very precise

Medical technology, for example, for what brings to mind is the Da Vinci Robotic Surgeon, which can perform very delicate procedures such as brain surgery. It is designed to facilitate complex surgery using a minimally invasive approach, and is controlled by a surgeon from a console. The system is commonly used for Prostatectomies, and increasingly for Cardiac Valve Repair and Gynecologic surgical procedures. According to the manufacturer, the American company Intuitive Surgical. “the Da Vinci System is called "Da Vinci" in part because Leonardo Da Vinci's, study of human anatomy eventually led to the design of the first known automaton in history.” Additionally, through robotics, many surgical procedures are now performed using lasers. Before this technology, patients were subjected to large surgical incisions, leaving enormous scars. Now, however, the laser surgeries are successfully performed and they have even cut patients’ hospital stays shorter or even on an outpatient basis. Additionally, advanced prosthetic limbs can give an amputee almost the same range of movement as human arms, legs and other various body parts. The Tmsuk Enryu “T-52

Included in the discussion of their cultures we will also touch on the way some countries feel about these types of technology. It will be important for us to also talk about the environment. Then, finally, we must talk about both the moral and ethical aspects of using robots to perform surgery. By researching and reporting these things, it is our desire for everyone to not only have a better understanding of the technology, but to consider it as an alternate source, if needed in the future. It is technology like robotic assisted surgery that will help us have the long, healthy lives we all desire.

Technology is transforming the medical field with the design of robotic devices and multifaceted imaging. Even though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons all together. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a broad notion encompassing a lot of common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots. It refers to general procedures that keep away from long cuts by entering the body through small, usually about 1cm, entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue inside the body. Such operations are directed by viewing equipment and, therefore, do not automatically need the use of a robot. Yet, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories that fall under minimally invasive surgery (Robotic Surgery, n.d.).

Presently, only two robot systems are cleared by the FDA to assist surgeons the first is the da Vinci Surgical System by Intuitive Surgical. Neil Ogden, chief of the FDA 's General Surgery Devices Branch in the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, states “ [The] da Vinci is cleared to assist in advanced surgical techniques such as cutting and suturing [sewing]." The second system is the ZEUS Robotic Surgical System by Computer Motion, Inc. of Goleta, Calif. While the da Vinci is cleared for cutting and suturing, the ZEUS is only allowed to “assist in grasping, holding, and moving things out of the way” (All About Robotic Surgery. 2014).

The beginning use of surgical robots within medical setting benefits the surgeon as well as the patient; it gives the da Vinci Surgical System a bright future within today’s society.

Visualize, however, a circumstance where a life changing surgical operation needs to take place and the world’s most qualified individual is geographically too far away. Researchers and developers today are working on a revolutionary system that will allow that doctor to perform the surgery from his own home office, via a robot positioned around the patient. With controls eerily similar to an advanced game console, a doctor in Germany can utilize the functions of an aptly named daVinci machine to perform an incredibly precise operation on a patient in America with less scarring and a shorter recovery period thanks to the robot’s miniscule tools. (Randell 432) This is just one example of how technology can be a huge benefit for society.