Virrhotic Patients: Evaluation Of Thyroid Dysfunction In Egyptian

One of these symptoms is jaundice, which is characterized by yellowish skin and eyes because of an inability of the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood. Patient with cirrhosis also suffering from itching, due to deposited bile's products in the skin. This patient also suffers from accumulation of fluid in legs that is called edema. As a result of the blockage of blood flow via the liver, fluid accumulation in abdomen which is worsen by the decrease in protein production. Other symptoms include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss and nausea. As the disease progress, complications may develop ,such as varices that happens with cirrhosis patient when the blood flow through the liver slows, so the blood from intestine go back to the vessels of the stomach and esophagus, these vessels are not meant to carry this much of blood so they dilate (varices), with increasing

* Hepatorenal Syndrome: defined as a rapid deterioration in kidney function that manifests from an acute insult to the liver. Changes in blood flow due to decreased kidney function causes toxins to begin impairment of the kidneys since the liver cannot kill off the toxins before-hand. This condition is considered secondary to portal hypertension for this reason.

Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by the development of a cirrhosis-related complication, including variceal hemorrhage, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, and/or coagulopathies. For patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, the risk of death is 4.7 and 9.7 times higher than the general population, respectively.4 Survival in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is considerably lower than that of patients with compensated cirrhosis. The median survival times are as low as 2 years in decompensated patients and greater than 12 years in compensated

4. Is it possible to know the percentage of liver cirrhosis? In other words is the organ completely affected and it's not functioning?

During the small bowel series, the radiologist was not able to determine the exact area of obstruction. The study was terminated after two hours and the patient was returned to her room. Following the small bowel series, the patient complained of abdominal pain and cramping. The patient’s tube was leaking bowel from the side of the tube and onto her abdomen. It was also noted that her parenteral nutrition was not adequate (LWR radiology, 2015).

Additionally, many chronic liver diseases can lead to cirrhosis. For example, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to cirrhosis and is associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hereditary metabolic disorders such as hemochromatosis and Wilson disease can also lead to cirrhosis (McCance & Heuther, 2014). It seems the cause of cirrhosis is multifaceted. Additionally, many diseases can lead to cirrhosis and it is understandable why the etiology of cirrhosis has not been parsed out, especially because the cause can differ from a

The term cirrhotic cardiomyopathy was initially presented more than 3 decades ago, and is defined as chronic cardiac dysfunction in cirrhotic patients in absence of previous cardiac disease, regardless the etiology of cirrhosis. Particular diagnostic criteria for CCM have recently been defined by an international expert consensus committee that involve systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction, chronotropic incompetence, and electrophysiological abnormalities. Overt heart failure is not a

Functional studies showed decreased LES function with a low amplitude of acid clearance and primary esophageal peristalsis in cirrhotics with large varices [9]. These phenomena could also be due to a mechanical effect of the varices. Cirrhotic patients without EV have also esophageal motor disorders and mixed acid and bile reflux as the main pattern whereas the cirrhosis itself was an important causative factor. It is unclear whether this might contribute to bleeding from varices [8]. Data on management of GERD in cirrhosis are few, however, the indications of use for PPIs may remain exactly the same also in patient with cirrhosis of the liver as general population for the treatment of erosive esophagitis or in general the pathology secondary to gastroesophageal reflux acid (10)

Due to her Chronic liver disease and its cirrhosis, Gertha’s liver has impaired blood flow which would increase venous blood pressure and lead to portal hypertension. Portal hypertension results in the development of collateral blood vessels becoming distended with blood, becoming varices. The varices are fragile and do not handle pressure well, they are prone to rupturing. The rupturing has caused bleeds to enter Gertha’s gastrointestinal system and lead to her haematemesis, having her body attempt to expel the accumulation of blood.

Liver patients need to include more carbohydrates and starchy foods such as potatoes , peas,

Extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), i.e., in the absence of liver cirrhosis or abdominal cancer, is a rare manifestation of venous thrombosis that often leads to portal hypertension1.After prothrombin, factor V, next most common cause of thrombophilia is high plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII, which are present in approximately 20% of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs and increase the risk of the disease in a dose-dependent manner 2. Like fibrinogen, factor VIII is an acute phase reactant whose concentration rises in plasma in the presence of inflammation. However, high factor VIII levels are associated with an increased risk of DVT independently of the acute phase reaction3.

Portal hypertension is a condition in which there is a dramatic increase of blood flow thru the hepatic portal vein. The portal vein is responsible for feeding blood to various parts of the gastrointestinal tract along with the spleen and liver. This condition develops due to an increase resistance of blood flow usually within the liver but can be also caused by pre and posthepatic conditions. However, the end result of this condition can lead to the development of variceal bleeding and ascites. Cirrhosis, scarring of the liver tissue, is the most common cause of portal hypertension due to damage liver cells and their inability to function properly, which causes a dramatic slow down of blood flow thru the organ. Unfortunately, portal hypertension

There was highly statistical significant difference between cirrhotic variceal group and cirrhotic non variceal group regarding to presence of ( spider naevi, ascites, encephalopathy, jaundice and

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver,and one of the leading causes of death in patients with cirrhosis.Spontaneous rupture is a fatal complication of Hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs in 3-15 percent of cases , and is associated with worse short and long term prognosis.In this case report we are presenting a case of a 64 year-old female with a history of

During the acute viral infection, the HCV alters the host’s defense and innate immunity triggering a non-specific immune response. The adaptive immune response plays a major role in establishing a persistent infection, which results in chronic HCV infection (Irshad el al., 2013). Fibrosis is the main complication of chronic HCV infection and is ultimately the culprit of HCV morbidity and morality (Irshad el al., 2013). Fibrosis progressin occurs as a direct result of chronic inflammation of the liver which is caused by chronic injury and destruction of the liver cells (Irshad el al., 2013). HCV eradication reserves the fibrotic state and according to recent studies suggest that cirrhosis may be reversed over time (Irshad el al., 2013). HCC is the ultimate complication of HCV infection aNd it occurs in 1-4% of HCV cirrhotic patients (Irshad el al., 2013). Cirrhosis is the main risk factor for HCC in addition to other exogenous factors such as alcohol consumption, viral co-infections, diabetes and obesity