Evolution Of Development Policy And Its Impact On Region Disparities Essay

For example, in Kerala the life expectancy for women is 77 years old. This state is in the south where it is considered the “light.” In comparison in the larger northern states, which is considered the “darkness,” the life expectancy for women is below 65 years old.(pg.72) This just goes to show that the states that are better off in India tend to have higher qualities of life. States such as Tamil Nadu and Kerala have much higher literacy and school attendance rates than states such as Bihar and Rajasthan.(table 3.8) The states that have higher literacy and school attendance rates are much better off than the states that have lower statics. This just goes to show that if states lay down proper early education and healthcare services it will benefit the state in the long run. The more educated and well taken care of the children of the country are then the more likely they are to grow up and become a contributing member of society. For example, the percentage of people below the poverty line in Kerala is %19.6, and in Tamil Nadu it is %29.4. In comparison, the percentage of people below the poverty line in Bihar is %54.4, and in Rajasthan it is %34.4.(table 3.8) There is a direct correlation between where you are from and how likely you are to succeed in

The idea that economic development will lead to democratization and democratic consolidation generally holds for most cases. More often than not, increasing economic development increases the probability that any given society will have democratic politics. Although this theory is widely spread it does not seem to account for all cases, such as India. Due to the large population of India, the defying factors against modernization theory are not easily overlooked. Many scholars have been analyzing the deviant case for years, trying to find out how they defied the modernization theory. India is considered a deviant case because it only recently began to see notable economic development, and for most of the twentieth century the country was profound poor. Looking through the modernization theory it would lead us to believe that India was ruled by an authoritarian regime due to their poor economics. Because they defy this belief and have been a democratic country for a prolonged time it is evident that India does not conform to the modernization theory. India’s democracy emerged amidst severe poverty, widespread illiteracy, and a largely agrarian and rural population characterized by vast linguistic and ethnic diversity. However, India was able not only to transition to but also consolidate a robust democratic system that has survived for over sixty years. The historical process of Indian democratization challenges the central premise of

Development in the West did not occur until later in American History. Although the West was seen as a large desert, the West quickly became the target behind the expansionist campaigns of the United States during the 18th century. Many settlers travelled to the West, dreaming of the idea of opportunities. Although factors such as Native Americans, motivations and railroads played a large role in shaping the West, their influence came about only as the result of the inherent economic potential of the region, as well as the incredibly diverse climate which outnumbered all else in the development in the West.

Clearly the largest cause for inequalities within regions are Economic factors, As shown they have the largest impact as development in certain places will lead to migration and only make the development in the less developed parts slow even further and mean that the Gap becomes ever larger. Other Causes do contribute such As environmental Factors; E.g in the south climate change has prohibited framing which again widens the gap. Social Factors such as corrupt governments play a part in the ever widening Gap, also because the south was seen as Backwards there is little attempt to narrow the gap by

Katherine Boo’s book, Behind The Beautiful Forevers, portrays the “new life” the people in India live as capitalism and globalism ventures into their lives. These two systems look to promise new and improved social opportunities for all classes, not just the wealthy. However, although this makes it seem like the government of India in the 21st century is progressing towards a more fairer society for all its citizens, the reality is, they are really not progressing at all. Of course, while capitalism and globalization initially gave all citizens, especially the lower classes, hope that more opportunities would be available to them, it seems it has prevaricated it all as these opportunities have been more transformative to the elite and privileged classes than it has for the poor.

Gender relations and inequality is experienced through lack of educational matters and unfair treatment of women and children, thus in many cases forcing women to run households, while the men are away at work in various seasonal migration jobs at unviable wages. As defined in a classic article, income inequality is “the distribution of total income amongst the represented population” (Gehring13). In outlined studies; evidence can conclude that poor gender relations in fact can be convoluted into other issues such as overpopulation, child malnourishment, low levels of GDP, and GNI. This in fact sounds to be true for what India is experiencing today. The predominant issue of gender inequality has led many down the pathway to poverty

India became one of the first independent nations that emerged after World War II, and like many who gained their independence they were very impoverished. American President Franklin Roosevelt called for a war against poverty, and in Britain, the Beveridge Report also called for the slaying of the giant of poverty, and a creation of a welfare state. The Cold War played a major role in Western government’s efforts to help developing countries, because they were also using similar methods with Communist agenda to help poverty. The Development Economics for these emerging countries played a big part in their acceptance into successful nations. People all joined in on a crusade to confront poverty, with morality, justice, human sympathy, and idealism.

Underdevelopment can also be, and has been, understood as a reflection or product of the economic, social, political and cultural characteristics of said country. Yet with a look at history we see that the underdevelopment of a “satellite” nation can be traced directly back to the past and current economic relations the nation has held with developed “metropoles”. This relationship between a metropolitan and satellite countries pertains back to the process and development of the world capitalist system, which benefits its Western

In 2015 India was ranked among the highest countries globally in consumer confidence, this comes after the International Monetary Fund estimated an economic growth of up to 7% annually for the next decade in India. But this hasn 't always been the case, in fact, it wasn 't so long ago that India was simply another colonized nation around the world, not to mention it 's usually rare to see this kind of economic growth in such a small period of time. The Effects of globalization, with an emphasis on open trade networks, and the Imperial developments of the late 19th century have led to the emergence and rise of India 's market-based economy. This growth has been affected in a very positive way over a span of centuries by a combination of stronger economic developments brought about by a massive increase in the countries labor force and the emphasis on education and self-governance. An exposure to both the Western economic systems during the imperial age until their independence in 1947 and their subsequent involvement in the Asian, Middle Eastern and African trade routes from the late 15th century placed India in an economic equilibrium where they were able to benefit from both worlds and become one of the fastest growing economies.

The two authors argue the main issue that India is continuing to face are due to the lack of concern for citizens especially for the poor citizens and women. Dreze and Sen proceed into their work as they continue to portray the way in which the citizens of India were being oppressed by the new economic and political policies. One of the issues Dreze and Sen use as an example of how India rapid economic growth is problematic is the countries lack to foster participation for economic growth. The lack of inclusion in economic growth leads to a wealth disparity between the citizens. The authors continue on depicting several other issues another one being the lack of enhancement to the standard of living despite generating economic growth from the use of public goods. The standards of living are a huge issue with India as it signals there is a large disparity within wealth. Dreze and Sen continue to document the lack of social and living standards especially in the case of education, medical care, and physical services like clean water, electricity, drainage, and sanitation. The authors proceed to make note how without a development of a social structure within India high economic growth can harm the citizens and ultimately neglect civil, political, and social rights. Dreze and Sen then

Using named examples, examine the extent to which the development gap occurs within countries as well as globally.

All of these milestones are made concrete within an educational environment. Unfortunately, Access to education is a primary issue in developing India for school age females. Currently, according to Nitkya Rao, “there is a huge gender gap in educational attainment, with 75 per cent of women being non-literate or just literate as compared to 27 percent of the men”(Rao). The gender gap within the education system sets the illegitimate belief that women insufficient, and attaining education would have no benefit to the society as a whole. There are many factors controlling the access of education: geography, socio-cultural factors, health and furthermore political and/or administrative support.

It is hard to say that all developing countries are not equal, because they aren’t. According to the data in Hans presentation, even though almost all countries have changed and had a percent of progress but not all of them got advanced in the same

In the last twenty years, known as globalization years, poverty and inequality have both increased. The number of poor people has been cut in half over the past twenty years but there is still enormous inequality as well as poverty in the world. Globalization generally is expected to reduce poverty through faster growth in more integrated economies. Countries like China and India have benefitted from careful and managed globalization and continue to improve the economic growth in their economies and as a consequence poverty in such countries has gradually decreased. Nevertheless, poverty and inequality are still prevalent in the economies of nations (Heshmati, 2005).

On the 15th of August, 1947, India awoke to freedom and democracy, when the British passed on the controls of ‘the brightest jewel in the crown’ (as India was lovingly called) to the Indian people. The Indian subcontinent has been invaded since time immemorial for the riches the land held. It is often said that trading with India and conquering it was a great deal to the Europeans. For the British to reign the country for so long, which became dominant primarily after several wars and diplomatic issues in Indian as well as Europe, was a source of pride. It established them as superior to the Dutch, French and Portuguese. However, if India indeed is a country of such abundance, and has been a free country for so long, why is it still counted amongst low income countries? In this paper, I make an attempt to evaluate how India’s economic policies and growth have changed since independence.