Evolution Of Management Essay

Max Weber was a German sociologist who first described the concept of bureaucracy, an ideal form of organizational structure. He defines bureaucratic administration as the exercise of control on the

Scientific management was introduced by Fredrick Winslow Taylor in 1898. The basic attributes of this perspective were giving incentives to employees, training them in a standard method and developing a standard procedure of performing a task. These procedures were established by numerous studies and observations (Samson et al., 2012).

The fundamental theory behind scientific management is breaking down each part of a job to its science (Taylor). In the Principles of Scientific Management, Taylor talks about pig iron handlers, shoveling and bricklaying as a few examples in which he implemented scientific management. He proposed four important elements that are essential to scientific management. In this example Taylor discusses the science of bricklaying. First management must develop the science of bricklaying with standard rules of each task. Every task is designed to be perfect and standardized. The second element is selection and training. This step is important because Taylor wants an employee who is “first class,” meaning that they are the best at what they do, follow instructions and will not refuse to listen or adopt the new methods that management is executing. The third element is teaching the first class employee the science of bricklaying broken down by management. At this stage management is instructing the employee what to do, how to do it, and the best way to do it. Management is there to help them and watch that they are doing it “their” way and not

Furthermore, in addition to his examination of bureaucratization, Weber was also particularly interested in the effects the growth of bureaucratic organization would have on society. In terms of the possible influence of bureaucracies, Weber did recognize their “technical

Scientific management is an organizational theory that was discovered by Frederick Taylor. He was concerned with scientifically developing the worker to become more efficient. Taylor wrote a book called, The Principle of Scientific Management (Rimer, Waring, Wrege, & Greenwood, 1993). In this book he highlights four major principles to his theory. The first is that there is one best way to do every job. This is determined through time and motion studies to determine what’s the most effective way. The second point is proper scientific selection of workers. Thirdly, is properly training the workers in what is deemed as the best practice. The last point is defining the inherent differences and relationships between manager and worker. Managers should be in charge of administrative tasks, as well as being the thinkers, and planners of the organization. Workers on

Merriam-Webster Dictionary (online) defines ‘Bureaucracy’ as a “government characterized by specialization of functions, adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority” and “a system of administration marked by officialism, red tape, and proliferation”. It also implies administration by bureau, which is an administrative unit in an organizational setup and mechanism to realize rationally ordered social action. It comprises non-elected officials, be it a public or private sector organization, is often viewed as an apparatus or entity that rationalizes power, authority and decision-making in a society. Max Weber, a German sociologist and economist, conceived the ‘Bureaucratic Management Theory’ and believed it to be more rational and efficient. According to Weber (1946), there exists a trichotomy of power: traditional, charismatic and rational-legal or bureaucratic. Weber believes the bureaucratic type of power to be the ideal one. Max Weber’s illustrious and influential work on bureaucracy was a substantial contribution to the discipline of public administration. He presumes bureaucracy to be an efficient and rational organizational structure. Brian R. Fry (1989) considers Weber’s bureaucracy to be rational one the basis of it being well-conversant with rules and procedures, and possessing the specialized knowledge of the bureaucratic domain. According to M. Crozier, (1964), key characteristics of the ideal type of bureaucracy that Weber ideates include fixed official

In a historical aspect the evolution of management consist of six approaches starting with America’s Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century to the present: Classical, Behavioral, Quantitative, Systems, Contingency and Quality. Before the creation of factories the need for managerial skills was not needed, since products and services were delivered on a small scale and by hand. But with the invention of engines that did not require rivers to make them run, companies started to create factories to produce products in mass quantities requiring a need for more knowledge in the field of management.

Management, is the art and science of getting things to be done, generally by others. (Mullins 2011), states is the way of organizing the things and to direct the duties of people in the setting of their jobs In many organizations, people are managed in the setting of their jobs because all employees have different abilities (Thompson, and McHugh, 2009). The different management perspectives evolved are classified into five perspectives, classical, humanistic, management science, recent historical trends and the innovative management. The classical theory includes three other perspective, scientific management, Bureaucratic organization, and Administrative approach. These are the historical theories of management. Based on the classical perspective

The evolution of management though the decades can be divided into two major sections. One of the sections is the classical approach. Under the classical approach efficiency and productivity became a critical concern of the managers at the turn of the 20th century. One of

Management practices and perspectives vary in response to social, political and economic forces in our society. When time passes, managers adopted different management perspectives to help their organisation cope with environment turbulence or changes. The importance for human being to comprehend the importance of management perspectives is to help each organisations achieve their goals by improving workers’ productivity and efficiency as well as keeping the organisations vital. The purpose of this critical essay is to evaluate the management thinking, compare and contrast humanistic and classical perspectives of management with examples provided. It will start with the examination of humanistic perspective, classical perspective, compare both perspectives and end with conclusion.

Between 1770 and 1850, during the Industrial Revolution in England, huge changes occurred in society. In this time, huge Industrial growth occurred due to advancements in power, transport and communication. Inventions such as the steam engine allowed industries to expand and transport goods and materials with ease. Communication improved also due to the arrival of the telegraph, telephone and radio. This industrialisation continued at a rapid pace with the economy in the western world shifting from mainly agricultural to being involved with manufacturing goods and industrial markets. This change required more structured and coherent management methods to be created. It wasn’t until the early 1900s however that formal theories of management started to be formulated with the arrival of classical schools of management.

In the classical viewpoint of management, great time and effort is put into the scientific method and scientific management. The scientific method is used in order to determine the best way to accomplishing each assigned task. The classic viewpoint also uses the theory that persons need to be scientifically selected and then trained to conduct duties. Encompassed in this viewpoint is the implication that management develop and assign all tasks, and employees are responsible for the completion of those tasks. The classical view point is often used in industry and refined the pay for performance incentives. The chain of command which so many of us are familiar with from the military is clearly depicted and used in the classical management

The history of management has been grouped into phases of development. Classical Management was introduced in the beginning of the 201th century. This addresses the organization’s search for efficiency on the basis that people will work for themselves and be economically beneficial. In other words, they work because they are determined by the economic concerns. Workers are expected to accept every opportunity that comes and they must work for it to achieve a personal and financial improvement. All of this has been supported by 3 theories in which the companies still used it today.

Every step of individuals work is analyzed in a scientific method to come up with the most effective way for getting the work done. It is the way to develop and come up with the best possible approach for an individual to preform a task by examining instruments needed and by measuring the maximum amount of work a worker can do in a day.

scientific administration created forward a hypothesis of administration that dissected and synthesized work processes with a principle target to enhance monetary proficiency, particularly work efficiency; was one of the soonest endeavors to apply science to the designing of procedure and to administration.