Evolution Of Nanoscale Science And Technology

Have you ever drove home from work, having a feeling you were forgetting to do something important? It’s 7 o’clock in the evening, you just realized that you were supposed to pay a bill before the bank closed. The money is there in the account but, how is the bank supposed to receive it? Well, luckily you pull out an iphone 6 to transfer the money into the account to pay the bill by using e-banking. Simple as that, you go home with a clear conscience knowing only that your bill is paid. Of course, people only care for the end results of a situation, but it’s sometimes good to consider what goes on in the transition. Crucial data such as financial record and pin number need to be under tight security. Only highly advanced technology that was

Semiconductor Nano crystals or quantum dots are materials that are typically 2-20 nm in diameter, consisting of approximately twelve to fourteen thousand atoms. The effect of quantum confinement results, in the electrons and holes in the Nano crystal to exhibit quantized energy states; thus enabling them to exhibit novel physical properties that are not found in their bulk counterparts. Research in semiconductor quantum dots started with the realization that the optical and electronic properties of these particles were strongly dependent on particle size, due to quantum confinement of the charge carriers in small spaces.

When exposed to sunlight, the the top layer of plasmonic nanoparticle discs produces hot electrons. After this step is complete, it is vital that the hot electrons are alienated from the electron holes, in order to preserve their energy. The middle layer of aluminum plays its part, as it causes for the electron holes to gravitate toward it. The bottom layer of nickel oxide traps the hot electrons, while allowing for the electron holes to pass through. If the device is immersed in water, the molecules can then be broken down into simpler

The article, Nanotechnology in the Military by Will Soutter, discusses the many ways in which the government is investing in nanotechnology research for military use. The article points out that nanotechnology is something that many countries are starting to spend large amounts of money to fund research on ways to use nanotechnology for military advancement. The main focus for military advancement through nanotechnology would be better medical care and better clothing for protection and to communicate. In the article the Ministry of Defense predicts that nano-bots could soon be used to help with medical care. In addition, communication devices could be nano-enhanced by 2030. Researchers are looking for ways to use nanotechnology to improve

Silver nitrate AgNO3 (≥99.0%) and PVP (Average molecular weight ~55,000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethylene glycol (EG) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Merck specialities Pvt Ltd. All the chemicals were used as received without any purification. We synthesized silver nanocubes (Ag NCs) by a typical polyol method. In a typical synthesis, 12.5 mL of ethylene glycol was poured in 50 mL of round bottom flask and heated at 140°C for 1 h under stirring. An amount of 2.5 mL of HCl solution (3.3mM in EG) was quickly injected into the reaction mixture. After 10 min, 7.5 mL of AgNO3 solution (94mM in EG) and 7.5 mL of PVP (147mM in EG) solutions were simultaneously injected into the stirring solution. The reaction mixture was

Silver has been used since Roman times as a disinfectant because of its well-known antimicrobial properties. AgNPs are considered attractive building blocks for nanomaterial architectures based upon the nanoparticles size and shape (Shipway etal 2000).

Gold(III) chloride solution and sodium citrate solution were freshly prepared with deionized water and filtered through a syringe filter (0.22 µm). Deionized water (45 mL) was added into three-neck flask incubated in the heating mantle with a stirring bar followed by the addition of HAuCl4 solution (5 mL, 10 mM). After the solution was boiling, the sodium citrate solution (5 mL, 38.8 mM) was added quickly. The color of the mixture gradually changed from black to wine red in the first two minutes, indicating the formation of gold nanoparticles. The AuNPs solution was kept boiling for another 10 minutes with a stirring speed of 700 rpm. After cooling down the solution to room temperature, the AuNP solution was filtered through a syringe filter (0.22µm). The concentration of AuNPs was determined by UV-Vis spectrometer (Cary100,

It demonstrated that Na doping had a widen effect for the band gap of CuO, which was the first report here. Interestingly, the band gap shifts from 1.49eV to 1.46eV with the increase in Na doping from 0.0 to 3.0%, with was due to the band gap tailoring effect. The Na content was further increased when the secondary phase formed and the band gap shift to the higher energy 1.51eV, 1.53eV for 5.0% and 7.0% Na-doped CuO nanostructures. In contrast, the formation of the Na2O secondary phase caused an enhancement of the Eg value. Hence, to summarize the Eg value of the Na doped CuO nanoparticles depends upon a variety of parameters such as the size and presence of the Na dopant in different forms. These unique characteristics were influenced by the quality and physical properties of the Na-doped CuO nanoparticles and these were strongly related to the preparation method.

In recent years Nano sized materials play the significant role in science and technology due to their unique shape, size, peculiar properties and potential applications. Metal nanoparticles, which possess considerable electronic, chemical and optical [1, 2] properties, are different from those of the bulk materials. Among the several metal nano particles gold (Au) nanoparticles have attracted rigorous consideration for their numerous applications in catalytic , sensing, imaging, diagnostics [3-6], tunable surface Plasmon resonance, surface enhanced Raman scattering, electrical, magnetic, thermal conductivity chemical and bio stability and anti-bacterial activity [7-13]. Besides, Gold nano particles have widely been used as the platform

Nanotechnology is undeniably justified to modify polymers and this can be supported through the two chosen nanotechnologies; Nanosponges and TiMESH. Nanotechnology has been using polymers and other forms of organic molecules to perform and create a number of different applications in the medical, commercial and industrial industries. The use of nanotechnology and polymers together has improved materials and technologies. They are at a much smaller scale, able to manipulate and create, and can be used for a wide range of applications.

In light of these shortcomings, there has been an upsurge in eco-friendly materials and devices, all in an effort to recover and save the environment. Nanotechnology, which deals with matter on an atomic level, has played a significant role in this movement.

The complex and interesting optical properties can be shown clearly on Nanostructured metals the collective oscillations of the conduction electrons termed plasmons lead to most striking phenomenon encountered in these structures are resonances . Plasmon modes exist in a number of geometries and in various metals — most importantly in noble metals such as gold, copper and silver. Under certain circumstances plasmons are excited by light, which leads to strong light scattering and absorption and an enhancement of the local electromagnetic field. In 1989, based upon calculations, Neeves and Birnboim proposed that a composite spherical particle with a dielectric core and a metallic shell could produce SPR modes with a much larger range of wavelengths. The first nanoshells were made by Zhou et al. In the 1990’s. They used a Au2S core surrounded by a gold shell. Variations of these shells made it possible to shift the standard gold colloid plasmon resonance peak from ~520 nm up to ~900 nm. There was a limit however, of less than 40 nm on the size of nanoshell that they could achieve due to the chemistry of their synthesis reactions. The process also produced large amounts of gold colloid as a secondary product which gave an additional absorption peak at ~520 nm. Halas and coworkers synthesized a new type of gold nanoshell that overcame many of the limitations of the Au2S core type nanoshell. The new method replaced the Au2S core with a silica core and made it possible to exert

Preparation, characterization, and physical properties of a nanostructure materials of silver (nanoparticles and nanocomposites) have been the subject of various researcher in many scientific laboratories during the past years for many studies and it has been also established that size, stability, color, shape, and properties

The development and application of nanomaterials has allowed society and the environment to benefit in many ways. Nanomaterials are three-dimensional objects that have one of their dimensions in the range of 1-100nm. They can exist in nature or be created from pre-existing materials. Their exceptionally small size means that nanomaterials possess unique physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics that might otherwise not exist with the same materials on a larger scale. In some cases, nanomaterials have enhanced properties of the original material. Research and development into nanotechnology has given rise to a whole new variety of scientific applications, rendering previously impossible tasks possible. The engineering of

Nanotechnology is a field of applied science, focused on the design, synthesis, characterization and application of materials and devices at the nanoscale. This is an emerging field which plays a major role in the development of innovative methods to produce new products. Because of its greater role in enhancing the performance of several existing technologies, it is gaining high attention. Properties of materials often change dramatically when size reduces to nanoscale as compared to that of bulk. Material made from nano-size particles that are smaller than 100 nanometers can suddenly become much stronger than those predicted by existing materials-science models.There are two main reasons for which materials property differ at the nanoscale. First, nanomaterials have a relatively larger surface area when compared to their bulk material. Because of this, nanomaterials are chemically more reactive and this will affect their strength or electrical properties. Second, at nano scale quantum effects can begin to dominate which again affects the optical, electrical and magnetic behaviour of materials[1,2,3].