Evolution Of Photosynthesis Essay

According to Margulis, the pre-eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic bacterium, but rather than digest and kill the bacterium, a symbiotic relationship was born. This relationship, the aerobic bacterium provided energy through ATP and the eukaryotic cell provided an environment to live while protecting the new symbiont from harm in environmental factors such as oxygen. Because almost all living eukaryotes have a mitochondria, it is safe to assume that this event happened before plants and animals split in the evolutionary lineage.After this first evolutionary leap came a

We are not quite sure exactly how it happened or even how long it took to happen. According to www. Space.com it underwent an incredible growth spurt and doubled in size at least 90 times. This marks the beginning of an extraordinary set of circumstances that created a perfect storm. It was a chaotic set of circumstances the temperature cooled than heated then combined and light appeared and was eventually followed by complete darkness. This light is detectable today and can be researched which will hopefully lead to answers that we have been wanting to answer for many years. Nearly 400 million years after our universe made its appearance in this dramatic and chaotic performance it began to come out of its dark ages. This phase of our universe lasted for a very long time and during this time our very first stars and galaxies appeared. The birth of our Solar System happened approximately after our universe turned 4.6 billion years old. It is believed to have been formed out of a “giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust known as the nebula.” In 1960 dark matter was discovered and remain one of the biggest unanswered questions today. Earth made its entrance approximately 4.54 billion years ago. At its beginning it wouldn’t have been able to be inhabited by humans. Volcanic activity was the norm and at one point there was a collision with another body that is thought

The earth was formed by countless collisions of meteors/molten rock which made it a world of fire and molten rock.

1. As our proto-sun was forming and spinning, what was happening that allowed earth to form? (i.e. the original state of the solar system was essentially dust particles spinning around the sun – how did that become a large terrestrial planet?)

The Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago through collisions in the giant disked shape cloud created from the Bing Bang. It is a dynamic planet, with

It has been known for well over a century now that the Earth’s core, mantle and the crust make up the basic structure of the Earth. However, there is some controversy over how and when the Earth produced its core, mantle and crust. In this essay, I will first discuss about the formation of the Early Earth and its Moon, then about the methods used to pinpoint the age of the Earth. Other than that, I will also expand on core and mantle formation, as well as the eventual production of the continental crust.

The Universe was this tiny super atom, and between 12 and 20 million years ago it exploded, creating as we know it today, the Big bang. It sent matter in every which way, and that was just the beginning of the Universe. As it was forming, nearly all of the earth was made up of this huge cloud of hydrogen. Some of the hydrogen mixed with helium and developed into stars.

Life on earth began in the early Archean and fossilized organisms became far more abundant through the entirety of the Precambrian time. Three billion years ago there was no traces of oxygen in the atmosphere, this caused no life to be able to live on earth. At around 2.4 billion years, oxygen was beginning to be released in the oceans as photosynthesis began in cyanobacteria. This process caused the gas levels to slowly grow and eventually made up 1% of the earth’s atmosphere at around 2 Bya. By 800 Mya, oxygen levels reached around 20% which let organisms to slowly breathe to life.

Since Geology and fossils was such a broad subject, I narrowed it down to marine plankton. The article I read was written by Jorg Mutterlose. It was about the study of how micro plankton play a key role in understanding the marine biosphere in present day oceans. All understandings about ancient marine systems (fossils) must have a back ground of plankton systems and its role at the base of marine food chain. Basically that is saying the ocean organisms started out as plankton. Author Jorg Mutterlose addressed that they wanted to inform their readers about recent trends and scientific issues in the evolving field of marine plankton. Marine plankton include the oldest eukaryotic organisms which made their first appearance 2.1 million years ago.

As we all know there are many theories for the evolution of eukaryotic from prokaryotic, but how the prokaryotics came in existence or the beginning of the evolutionary process from one single cell to a complex structure, no one knows for sure, there are only theories for now. Both evolutionists and creationists use evidence to support their theories, but it is difficult to come up with proofs. No one was present as observer when life began, or when the life transformed from single cell prokaryotics to multi cellular eukaryotics neither model of origins can be reproduced in laboratory experiments.

Only a small percentage of life survived through the ice age. The large amount of oxygen killed off a lot of the anaerobic life and the small amount of anaerobic life that survived hid in places with no oxygen like geysers. After the first ice age, multicellular life started appearing. Most of the life that appeared used oxygen to survive because it was a very good source of energy and it was everywhere. According to the timeline on http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/history_of_the_earth#timeline, “The first Eukaryotes appeared 1.5 billion years ago. Eventually, they started evolving and evolving until they became complex life like plants and animals.

According to National Geographics, “The Story of Earth,” the Earth was formed when gravity pulled dust and rock particles together. Earth was full of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and lava. It was about 1200 degrees celsius. A planet crashed into Earth causing sonic waves towards other planets. The gravity forced the extra particles together. This new planet was the Earth’s moon. Earth cools and meteor showers start.

Multicellular organisms appeared like worms, sponges, and trilobites. It took so long for life to be on Earth because the harmful UV rays of the sun. All of the carbon dioxide created by the volcanoes created the ozone layer, which is one of the reasons there is life on Earth today. The first four legged vertebrates were the tetrapods, which still have some descendants around today, and the first reptile was the hylonomus. The Permian extinction is the largest mass extinction and killed 96% of life in the oceans and 76% of life on land. 190 million years ago Pangea broke apart. Fish are returning to the oceans and dead fish start to layer the seafloor; over time these dead fish are covered with rock and the pressure from this created fossils and oil. 65 million years ago dinosaurs were thriving and didn’t have any threats on earth, but that didn’t last long. An asteroid was headed towards the Gulf of Mexico at very quick speed. As it hits the Earth, it destroys everything in its path. The land it hit is completely destroyed. Mammals survived by living in underground and eating almost everything. Eventually Earth becomes a peaceful place and everything is calm. 40 thousand years ago an ice wall was forming and the temperature was dropping drastically. The ice created a land bridge between Asia and what would later be Alaska. 14 thousand years ago the ice starts to make its way back to the Arctics and this formed the Great Lakes. 6 thousand years ago all of the ice is in the Arctics and now humans are fully evolved and so is our

Evolution, the process by which populations have changed and modified over generations, is the key to explaining the phenomenon that allowed single celled prokaryotes to be the ancestors to all life on earth. The first life on earth was believed to be prokaryotic cells, which lacked a nucleus to encase their DNA, while animals are multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotes, whose DNA and other organelles are encased. Somehow, the populations of prokaryotes on the early earth became more complex organisms such as animals over the generations, through evolution. To begin to comprehend this process, one must first look at how cells evolved from prokaryotes into the eukaryotes that make up the animal body.

The theory of endosymbiosis is about one cell being absorbed into another. The two cells lived in an endosymbiotic relationship which is how the theory began. A cell that could produce it’s own energy and a cell that could make energy from the sun were both absorbed by another prokaryotic bacteria. These two energy-producing cells were aerobic cells that provided energy for the bigger anaerobic bacteria that absorbed them. When the two energy producing cells were engulfed they did not get digested. This is important because it started the symbiotic relationship where the large cell provided protection and nutrients to the others and they produced energy that the large cell also used. They became dependant on each other so this relationship became permanent over time. The two absorbed cells are what we