Evolution Of Phylum Chordata Essay

.*They are omnivorous, plantigrade and highly social animals *Body is covered with hairs (except palms, soles and face) *Limbs have five digits.

They have 5 to 7 pairs of gills (leading to gill slits in rays and sharks and covered by operculum in chimaeras). Some have spiracles behind each eye (Skin surface openings leading to respiratory system).

The Glamingoes Skeletal system is very interesting because the structure is actually made of cartilage. The male Glamingos skull has an extensive ossification over the front of the skull, above the eyes, and on the rostrum. It weighs 2-3 times of a female. Females may have additional bony knobs on there forehead, like the male, but do not have such extensive bony areas. In the neck there are seven individual vertebrates. Each one has individual joints too which is why they are so flexible. There legs very strong, this is what they use for protection. They can also run up to 35 miles per hour, but they cant do it for a long period of

Homeostasis is any way that the body tries to make it stay normal. If it works you live if not you die. When humans get hot we sweat, that is the body trying to remain the same temperature. When humans get cold we shiver, to warm ourselves

A neotenic salamander, its most notable physical feature is its gills, which protrude from the back of its wide head and remain there throughout

It has fur and it is a mammals. They breathe with lungs. They are warm blooded.

They are of the suborder Haplorhini, the infraorder Anthropoidea, the superfamily Hominidae, and the family Hominidae. Following is a list of physical features I could observe:

They all have 5-7 gill slits on either side of their head, but unlike other fish they are not hidden and can extract oxygen throughout many ways. Also they have a modified slit beside the eye which helps bottom dwelling sharks to breathe. Meanwhile resting they pump water over gills to have a constant supply of water. Sadly there are only a few species who cannot use this process thus never resting. They also have 6 different fins and they can only drift away directly in front of them because of their tails first direction. Also there's a special covering that protects damage and parasites thus gaining energy and therefore reducing turbulence. They have a cartilaginous skeleton that reduces their weight however they do not have ribs when surfaced at land they can be easily crushed by their own weight. Their own jaw is attached to their cranium because the surface of the jaw needs extra support due to the exposure of physical stress and need for strength. Also there's cartilage in the snout that's spongy and flexible to absorb the power of impacts. Their tails have thrust as well as acceleration and speed, they also have a large liver that contains oil, cartilage and squalene that contributes in a dynamic lift to maintain depth when not swimming. They also have 5 great senses: A sharp sense of smell, and increased visibility in dark waters, sharp sense of hearing and it's debated whether they can hear from several miles away and they have the greatest electric sensitivity from any animal that can sense frequencies from 25-50

The proboscidea has cheek teeth that are adapted for grinding and tusks from the upper incisors for males. The perissodactyla has a visor, long and narrow nasal bones and canines that are small or

Its snake like body can reach a length of four meters. Frilled sharks have strong flexible jaws and over 300 sharp teeth to devour other sharks and

They look exactly like their parents, but on a much smaller scale. Because they are not very heavy, they swim around towards the surface of the sea sometimes being eaten by predators.

Solid and muscular, which is necessary for supporting their own weight, and the chest is broad.

The terrestrialization of tetrapods was a major evolutionary achievement and the basis for the diversification of all future land vertebrates. Among the most important innovations was the tetrapod limb, which evolved from the fins of ancestral lobbed-finned fish. Most notably, the dermal fin rays and rigid fin fibrils common to all fish species disappeared during limb evolution. Early pectoral fin formation in teleost embryos share many morphological similarities to early limb development. One of the first major differences is the fate of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). The AER is a thickening of ectodermal cells in the distal bud. It is responsible for mesenchymal survival, proliferation, and bud outgrowth. In tetrapods, the AER regresses

This is the exoskeleton of the Platygyra Daedalea, colloquially known as “brain coral” because of its spherical shape and grooved surface. One may be used to seeing coral with long, spindly arms, columns, or even rose-like petals for skeletons. But the brain coral is far less flamboyant. Its deposits of calcium carbonate are unassuming, remarkable only in their eerie similarity to the human cerebrum.

The pressures on the body supports and contains it. The skin does not need to restrain body parts, just holds them in. When a Green land shark is brought to the surface, it is extremely sluggish and flimsy in the low pressure (I 119). Generally these sharks are very large with 2 spineless dorsal fins equal in size. The upper teeth are long and pointed cusps with smooth edges and the bottom teeth are overlapped and usually larger.