Evolution of Tapetum Lucidum

After being shown a picture of an elephant they eye will take the light that is reflected from the object and it will enter the eye through the pupil. Then the light will be focused by the cornea and the lens to form a sharp image of the elephant in the retina. The retina is the network of neurons that cover the back of the eye and contains the visual receptors for a person vision. The visual receptors are made up of cones and rods that contain light sensitive chemicals called visual pigments. Visual pigments reacht to light and cause a triggered electrical signals to occur. These electrical signals will then flow through a network of neurons and this network of neurons is what makes up a persons retina. After the flow through the network of neurons occurs the electrical signals will emerge from the back of the eye in the area

Furthermore, color vision is not only beneficial in the survival of animals in the wild, but also the quality of life of animals in captivity. If an animal’s color vision is able to be determined, then enrichment, diet, and exhibit design can all be modified in a manner that provides the greatest mentally stimulating environment for the perception of that one individual. Ultimately, color vision is an

Thinner, more darkly stained elastic fibers composed of the protein elastin can also be seen. The principal type of cells seen are lightly-staining fibroblasts that secrete the matrix materials.

The epidermis type of this animal is that their skin is porous. Fascinating facts about the axolotl is that they can only be located

Mantis shrimp have many eye adaptations which indicate capability of spectral analysis (Cronin et al., 1996). It also have been trained based on particular color to select an object from an array of objects of different

For many years, scientists discovered that the animal kingdom have an incredible diversity of vision. “For example, the bee’s eye produces neural image very similar to that of the human eye but with much worse resolution.” (Nilsson, 1989, p. 298). In addition, Nilsson (1989) shows that the bee’s eyes also detect “polarization of light in the sky and provides color information” (p. 298). Nilsson’s (1989) stated that the primary purpose of an image-forming apparatus in the eye is to

Organisms possess several types of color vision depending on what wavelengths they are sensitive to. Humans are trichromatic, because their vision is formed by long, middle and short wavelength sensitive cones (Carroll, et.al, 2009). Depending on the environment, primates will have different variations of color vision. (Melin, et.al, 2017). Routine trichromacy and polymorphic trichromacy both track different food sources. Routine trichromacy is helpful for tracking down reddish-yellow fruit and seasonal leaves while polymorphic trichromacy is helpful for tracking down ripe fruits and insects (Melin, et.al, 2017).

For this simulation instead of adding predators they were removed which lead to a significant increase in brightness throughout the generations with an average of 16.50±1.69. This further supports the theory that the presents of predators are a dominant factor when determining male brightness.

The tarsier possess eyes that are very large in relative proportion with their body size and happen to be larger than their brains. The average extant tarsier eye weighs 3 grams and measures 1.6 centimetres in diameter. In contrast their brain is only 3.3 grams (Groves 1998). The pitfall to these large eyes is that the tarsier cannot move its eye in the orbital socket. The unique shape of a tarsier’s spine allows it to rotate its head nearly 360 degrees and counteract the problem of non-moving eye (Ross 1996). Primarily in most nocturnal species the eye, while relatively large, also possesses a tapetum lucidum, a thin layer of reflective tissue at the back of the retina. While tarsiers lack a tapetum lucidum like one would see in felids, it also lacks the eye shine that comes with a tapetum lucidum, thus providing an advantage to remaining unseen in nocturnal conditions (Ross 1996). The tarsier’s lack of a tapetum is of course amply compensated by eye size and a likely consequence of secondary adoption of nocturnality by its branch of the common haplorrhine lineage (Crompton, 1989).

Their eyes, and vision are analogous, since they are bitten by mantis shrimp, in more details, the mantis shrimp known as not endangers, yet when they bites on people’s body, the sting of a the mantis shrimp has swollen up, either, causes serious loss of vision. According to the current research, mantis shrimp is very tiny, and their habitat is normally in shallow ocean. Therefore, at first people discern no difference, and did not even realize it was occurring. Those of evidences are still convincing with people’s perspective, such as people usually distinguish many colors, and it is now a proven fact that people truly conceive that they are normality. Therefore, majority opinion is more significant than the minority one, and which is one of the evidence that expressed that still many color-blinded either dismiss from the people or a world. However, resume the thread of our discourse, the mantis shrimp see the color differently such as red to brown, and green to black. Those of the facts that only prove by the mantis shrimp, since many of the people born with their unusual ability of the eyes. Actually, we are the inability to distinguish particular

Introduction The eye is a very important organ because it allows us to not just see something, but to also see them in colors. Vision is created when light passes through the cornea, and reflected by lens until it hits the retina in the back of the eye. On the retina are two types of light-absorbing cells. These two types are rods and cones cells.

However, at its head, there is a blind spot because there are no photoreceptors in this part of

When it comes to people, we all possess three color receptors within our eyes, allowing us to see visual light as we know it. However, there are many animals who have even more. The more receptors that an animal has, the more they can see. Topping the charts is the Mantis Shrimp, who have upwards of twenty color receptors, allowing them to see not only the visual light that humans see, but also into the invisible spectrums of ultraviolet and polarized light.

This paper considers that focused primarily on human iris. This choice of this topic was made due to interest of wanting to provide knowledge about the factors that determine eye color. I know, like hair or skin, brown eyes are dominant over blue eye genes. I also know that a person can be identified by the retina scanners because everyone has their iris with unique structural patterns.

In evolutionary terms colour and the way it is perceived is an important aspect. Sumner and Mollon (2000a) conducted research looking into the photopigments and the detection of targets. They found that the L/M subsystem provides an advantage for the detection of fruits and leaves. This led them to their conclusion that finding these foods may have been an essential selective advantage in the original development and maintenance of primate trichromacy, and thus the process of colour perception can be beneficial to primates. Despite having the same visual system, the research is problematic as it was conducted on animals, and thus the findings may not be the same when applying it to the human concept of colour vision. Further support towards the evolutionary basis of colour perception comes from Bompas, Kendall and Sumner (2013) who found that normal trichromats made faster responses and fewer errors than their colour deficient competitors. This shows that colour is an important aspect and both of these research findings combined suggest enhanced survival due to the way in which colour is