Evolutionary Psychological Analysis

This journal describes the growth over the past couple of years in terms of research on sexual selection. It articulates the influence sexual selection play on pre- and post-copulatory selection mechanisms, such as sperm storage/utilization, courtship, mate choice aggressive competition between male species and sexual conflict. In this journal, genetic mechanisms are highlighted to address some of the recently questioned areas of pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Although all the genetic mechanisms for sexual selection are not yet known, many of the identified genes show evidence of positive selection. It showed that sexual selection leads to the rapid coevolution of male and female reproductive organs. They identified how new techniques

It tends to have a negative connotation because in our society today there are myths regarding jealousy towards the people who experience this emotion. For example, those who feel jealousy have low self-esteem, or are considered immature, or have character defects. In the book, Anatomy of Love by Helen Fisher states that cultural values affect how we define adultery and our attitudes towards it. (1992:78) She goes on and talks about a poll that was conducted by the People magazine in 1986 where 74 % of the 750 respondents believed one does not have to have sexual intercourse with a person to be considered unfaithful. (1992:79). I believe that society does have an impact of what we perceived cheating is. Jealousy can be seen as an adaptive emotion because it exists so we can love.

Evolutionary psychology is a specialist field within the spectrum of psychological enquiry, which seeks to examine and understand some of the predominant reasoning behind the concept of why the human species, whilst biologically similar to other species on the planet, is so very distinct in terms of intelligence and mental progression; demonstrated by the multifaceted and complex social structures we have created. Primary to this domain of evolutionary psychological interest is the notion of ‘theory of mind’, which was developed

According to Buss & Kenrick (1998) males have developed short-term mating strategies, while women, in contrast, prefer long-term relationships as they need someone to stay with them for the pregnancy to provide resources and support. In the I’ve Noticed You Around experiment by Clarke & Hatfield (1989), 75% of male participants indicated that they would ask a woman to have sex with them after a brief introduction, in stark contrast to 0% of women participants, highlighting the social phenomenon of ___________. This social observation can be strengthened and linked to evolutionary insights. Women’s evolutionary and biological needs (gestation period, pregnancy, providing for children, higher parental investment, etc.), particularly evolutionarily before the use of contraception became viable, meant that they are less likely to engage in casual sex and often have fewer sexual

This qualitative study wanted to see how swinger couples managed their jealously when their partner has sex with others because in monogamous relationships extra-dyadic sex is not something they do due to jealousy or feeling threaten. The study recruited participants through swinger sites or advertisement. The participants were interviewed and used IPA to study the couples identify and meaning-making. The interviews were later coded. The three questions the study wanted to aim at were to see how swinging couples experience jealousy that may happen since they know that their partner is going to have sex with someone else. Also, is jealousy negative or can be used in a positive way? Possibly, can this study add more understanding to relationships

Since men don’t have to carry children for nine months they can produce more children with more women, they have “more interest in sexual activity”. The number of acceptable sexual partners for men is much higher than women, that social stigma is reflected in the evolutionary analysis. Men often look for women that are young and beautiful. This can be seen when a man dates a younger woman, which is seen

For example; men are able to have offspring much easier than women can, and the “costs” of having offspring are not nearly as great for men as they are for women. Women have much more “parental investment” than men. Since the mother of the child only has a few chances to have healthy offspring, if the father leaves or is not attentive and/or caring, the woman’s chances of having healthy offspring that survive to adulthood is greatly reduced. Such for the survival of her potential offspring, and in turn her genes being passed on, it is adaptive for potential mothers to be able to select men and mate with men who will be caring and attentive enough to stick around and help care for and provide for the offspring. Some theories such as in the article “Red, Rank, and Romance in Women Viewing Men” (Francis, 2013) predict that through natural selection, women will have evolved to be “romantically attracted” to men who display these types of traits and qualities. "Women find men more attractive when they are kind, agreeable, intelligent, high in status, emotionally stable, and good-humored.” (Francis,

Procreation and mating selection are linked to the primal desire of survival and genetic continuity. The means of creating successful offspring are often paved through distinctive selection, which are often tailored to specific genetic traits that one or more partners possess. These concepts are a biological component that drives humans to reproduce with specific individuals. Since humans are unable to procreate by asexual means, the selection of a mate and their genetic information are highly important in concepts of reproduction. Males and females alike are psychologically and physically wired to make mating choice based on concepts of physical presentation and characteristics. These components often link together couples for mating purposes,

The study's authors also hint that the early development of more complex mating systems may at least partly explain

Mate selection is an evolutionary process in which selection is dependent on the attractiveness of an individual’s phenotypic trait, such as age and sex. For example, women feel that reliability, dominance, wealth and generosity are important in a mate, while men believe attractiveness and creativity are important. Women investment more time in searching for a mate because women are, typically, responsible for birthing and raising a child and need a mate that would protect her and their offspring and provide for them. Men, on the other hand, do not invest much in mate selection. When resources are scarce, women seek resources in their mate and man look for attractiveness. However, the goal is to locate the best possible mate.

In this lab we examined the variations in desire of mate between ladies and men. We had been to determine which developments/values each men and women value the most when picking a someone special.

Studies of nonhuman primates, both captive and wild, show that harassment from other female group members inhibits reproductive functioning in target females.5 Moving beyond primates, same-sex social conditions play a crucial role in female fertility across a wide range of social mammals, including mice, elephants, and wolves.6 Perhaps stress from interactions with other women might also affect fertility in humans. Adverse social environments may indicate conditions unsuitable for reproduction. Throughout human evolutionary history, women likely required support from female peers and kin. Women’s caloric requirements increase by up to 26% to meet the needs of pregnancy and lactation—but these additional needs coincide with times during which women are less able to forage.7 Cross-culturally, women receive critical assistance from other women during childbirth and childcare.8 Therefore, it is possible that women’s fertility is

L., Cyranowski, J. M., & Espindle, D. (1999). Data shows that men are capable of flawlessly and efficiently make decisions pertaining to themselves as sexual person. More or less, men are aware of their own view¬¬– they can see it, judge it, and document it (Andersen, B. L., Cyranowski, J. M., & Espindle, D. (1999). Schematic (positive sexual self- schema) men experiences emotions of passion and love while still seeing themselves as being powerful and aggressive. They frequently have high sexual relationships, resulting in a broader repertoire of sexual behaviors. Unfortunately, some of which transpire without commitment. But at the same time, these men are capable of having a relationship and if so are apt to have feelings of romance and falling in love (Andersen, B. L., Cyranowski, J. M., & Espindle, D. (1999). For instance, schematic men at 76% are more likely to be involved in a relationship, whereas aschematic men are 70 % not to be involved in a relationship. They have a limited range of sexual involvement and few partner, if any, at all. Although, interestingly on average man have a slightly higher rate of self-esteem. This may be the reason why men are diffident to affirm negative traits. Data shows that both schematic and aschematic men are weary of admitting negative valence, and the admitting of both positive and

A woman’s parental investment is much greater compared to males, due to their limited period of fertility and the infants dependency on the mother for its survival. For successful reproduction, a woman must invest 9 months of pregnancy as well as many years after birth to rear her child. Therefore, choosing a poor partner has severe repercussions for women, by limiting their investment in another, potentially better mate, for a prolonged period (Bjorklund & Kipp, 1996). This is costly compared to men, the lesser investing sex, who can extend their reproductive success by impregnating a fertile woman for little more than the time it takes to copulate (Trivers, 1972). To increase the chances of having more children, men relax their standards and thus engage in more casual sex. Whilst a man’s reproductive success can be heightened by extra-pair copulation (as they have more benefits and less to lose with extra-marital relationships), a woman risks losing her partners investment or, if single, getting pregnant before ensuring such long-term security. Further, women pass sexually transmitted diseases to men more easily than men do to women (Devincenzi et al., 1992), which can consequently lead to women suffering from reputational costs, such as hostility, by engaging in unrestricted sexual activities (Jonason, 2007). Therefore, it is more favourable for men to be unrestricted in their sociosexual orientation, and for women to be more restricted.