Ewing's Sarcoma Case Study

Osteosarcoma is also called osteogenic sarcoma in medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). This cancer usually develops in growing bones. Although it can occur at any age, it‘s most commonly found in teenagers and young adults and is slightly more common in males than females. Any bone in the body can be affected, but the most common sites are the arms or legs, particularly around the knee joint(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). This cancer is caused by benign tumors and other bone diseases, radiation exposure, genetic factors, children, adolescents, males more than females.(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012)

Osteosarcoma is an ancient disease that still has some mystery behind it. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is also the most common type of bone cancer, and makes up 65% of all bone cancer. However, it is a very rare cancer and has fewer than 20,000 cases per year in The USA. The cells that form an osteosarcoma make bone matrix, similar to osteoblasts. However, the bone matrix of an osteosarcoma is not as strong as a bone matrix from an osteoblast, and therefore is not as strong as normal bones. The most common age group affected by osteosarcoma is children and young adults. However, osteosarcoma can occur at any age. Osteosarcoma is most commonly found in areas of the bone that grow quickly, which is why children are more likely to get this type of cancer. The most common place to find osteosarcoma is the end of long bones, especially in the knee, distal femur, and proximal tibia. The proximal humerus is typically the most common site. The treatments of

the American Cancer Society there are benign tumors, which are rare and often develop in

It destroys bone tissue and it's mostly common in arms and legs. There are three different types of bone cancer which are separated based on the type of cell. One of them is osteosarcoma, where cancer starts in the bone cells and occurs more often in the long bones and can spread to the lungs. This type of cancer is most frequent in children and teens and it is Feiler's case. Chondrosarcoma is another type of bone cancer, but in this case, cancer begins in the cartilage cells. The last type of bone cancer is known as the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs), which often occurs in the legs, pelvis and arms and affects mainly children and young adults. Some signs and symptoms of bone cancer include pain in the affected bone, swelling in that particular area of the bone, fracture of the bone, or even weight loss. Bone cancer can be treated in various ways depending on the type of cancer, location and stage but the main treatments used to fight this illness are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy and even the combination of the three. Currently, there's anything we can do to prevent bone cancer like other types of

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. It makes up a little more than 3% of childhood

risks of spreading. Stage 2 tumors, are larger and have a higher risk of spreading to the nearby

Bone cancer is considered as a rare disease in which cancer cells grow in the bone tissue. It requires to be treated immediately because when bone tumor grows, it presses on healthy bone tissue and can destroy it, which causes pain and swelling where the tumor is located. People has bone cancer will experience burning pain at the early stage and as the tumor develops, the pain become more persistent. Beside that, the bone can easily break due to the cancerous cells can weaken the bone. In some cases, if the tumor grows near a joint, it may make normal movements

For this unit I chose Ewing's sarcoma, a malignant bone tumor, and a primary bone cancer that originates in bone cells. According to Derrer, David a medical reviewer for WebMD, Ewing's sarcoma is a family of tumors that is located in the long bones of the legs and arms, or bones in the chest, pelvis, back, or head (2014). It also develops in the skull or flat bones of the trunks. The most common symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma is pain, however symptoms might vary, depending on the size and location of the cancer. Other symptoms may also include swelling, tenderness, or stiffness in the affected area, fracture, fatigue, fever, weight loss, and anemia. The exact cause of Ewing sarcoma is not fully understood. There seems to be no known risk factors

The name chondrosarcoma [pronounced “kahn-dro-sahr-cohm-ah”] is a derivative of the Italian prefix “condro-” meaning cartilage, and the Italian noun “sarcoma,” referring to the tumor creation process itself. The suffix, “sarcoma,” has Ancient Greek roots and actually signifies the tumor-growing process [“sarx” + “oma” meaning, “flesh process”]. Chondrosarcoma is a type of malignant tumor (often referred to as a cancer and is closely identified with bone cancer) that can sometimes spread to nearby tissues. Chondrosarcoma usually grows superficially on bone matter and exists in two types: primary and secondary. Primary CS is usually evident in children, while secondary CS is apparent in adults ranging in age from 30 to 70; however, the highest occurrence rate exists from ages 40 to 60. CS cases develop in women and men in a ratio of 150 to 100; this means that men are 33% more susceptible to being diagnosed with this type of cancer than women.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary solid malignancy of bone, is defined by the presence of malignant mesenchymal cells that produce osteoid and/or immature bone. The number of osteosarcoma in adolescence is 8-11 million per year at age 15 -19. In contrast, the general population number is 2–3million per year . Males are affected 1:4 times more commonly than females

These symptoms can be caused by intense pressure from the tumor or if the cancer has spread to the bones, the symptoms can be caused by bone pain. Sometimes though, these symptoms don’t show up or they may be caused by another medical condition. The most common symptom is a lump located in the adrenal gland (abdomen), the chest, the neck, or the spinal cord. Some other symptoms, though, include skin lesions, bulging eyes, pain in the chest, difficulty breathing, persistent cough, pain in the arms, legs, or back, fever, diarrhea, or high blood pressure from hormones being released by the tumor. If your child is experiencing any of these symptoms, seek medical attention as soon as

Ewing’s Sarcoma is a disease of the bones, that is mainly diagnosed in children and adolescents. In order to confirm the Ewing’s, a biopsy must be performed on the individual. Different factors including; age, gender, location, and stage of tumor must all be determined to allow to accurate course of treatment. Many times, the location of the tumor will result in secondary organ disfunction.

According to 2008-2012 data, the rate of new cases of bone cancer was 0.9 per 100,000 men and women every year while the rate of deaths was 0.4 per 100,000 men and women every year. Based on 2010-2012 data, only about 0.1 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with bone cancer during their whole life. About 66.7% of people survive 5 Years or more after being diagnosed with bone cancer based on data from 2005-2011. According to a research on risk of bone cancer after childhood cancer, “The percentage of 3-year survivors developing bone cancer within 20 years did not exceed 0.9%, except following heritable retinoblastoma (7.2%), Ewing's sarcoma (5.4%), and other malignant bone tumors (2.4%).”(Michael M. et al,

Bone tumor is reasonably uncommon, constituting only 0.5% of the total world cancer incidence in comparison to the myriad of other tumors. Bone tumors remain a threatening challenge to the orthopedic surgeons and the pathologists. Due to limited diagnostic services, therapeutic facilities and ignorance, there is a heightened challenge in developing countries. Moreover, the etiology of bone tumor is not clear. Additionally, very few studies have been conducted in this field. Amid different types of primary bone tumors, osteosarcoma constitutes the highest proportion (36%) of cases, followed by chondrosarcoma, osteoclastoma and Ewing’s sarcoma. In order to establish the diagnosis of bone tumors, the clinicians and the pathologists handling management

This disease exist when cells that are forced by cancer go away from the tumor and expand to other places in the body to spread to the bones .