Example Of Discretionary Spending

The U.S. government borrows large sums of money in times of national emergency, such as times of war. The U.S. entered many wars that greatly contributed to the national debt. The government also engaged in multiple social programs that increased the debt, such as the bailouts during the housing crisis in 2008-2009. To keep the economy from collapsing, the government borrowed enormous amounts of money. Half way through this housing crisis the deficit exceeded one trillion dollars. The deficit decreased to under $500 billion after the massive spending cuts deal in 2011.

Deficit financing is the amount of government spending compared to tax revenues. If the government spends more money than it generates then the government is in a public sector deficit and the country is in debt. This means that the government will decrease spending on public services and increase taxes to try to repay their debt.

The fiscal policy is when the government changes its spending level and tax rates to monitor and influence their economy. The government will need to increase tax revenues to fund expenditure by increasing taxation by adjusting the income tax level.

What is Fiscal Policy?“It refers to the central government's policy on lowering or raising taxes or increasing or decreasing public expenditure in order to stimulate or depress aggregate demand”(Bloomsbury Business Library). This means the ability

            According to the article Congressional Budget Office in The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2010 to 2020, the reason for this overwhelming increase in debt is because of three factors : the obvious difference between federal revenues and spending done even before the impact of recession caused this

Thus some government spending is necessary for the successful economic conditions. Examples of good government spending would be maintaining the legal system which can have a high rate of return. However in general the government doesn’t use the financial resources effectively. It promotes economically abominable decisions. The welfare programs encourage people to remain unemployed. Flood insurance programs encourage people to construct buildings and residences in high probability flood areas. These and other such programs reduce economic growth if the government borrows money and spends on them. For every dollar the government spends, it translates to one less dollar in the productive sector of the economy. In other words this slows down the growth since the political forces dominate how the money is spent. In summary, Governments should not be allowed to borrow during recession. The disadvantage being that the government can use this money in an inefficient measure. Non-availability of borrowing power would force the government to make sound economical decisions during a recession and not move into the next

Taxation, the amount of money we pay every year and of course the government is a big spender has a lot of assets at its disposal to influence the economy. The government is a very large entity and controls a lot of money. Fiscal policy is more effective when trying to stimulate the economic growth rather than trying to slow down an economy that is overheating. The goal of fiscal policy is too accomplished by decreasing aggregate expenditures and aggregate demand through a decrease in government spending. Fiscal policy pros are; it can build up the operation electronic stabilizers. Well-timed fiscal stabilization together with automatic stabilizers can have an impact on the level of aggregate expenditure and activity in the economy. Fiscal policy can be picky by attempting specific category of the economy. For example, the government can be focused to concentrate education, housing, health or any specific industry area. Fiscal policy controls a spending tap. Fiscal policy can have a forceful effect if used in bankruptcy, because the government can open a spending tap to increase the level of aggregate

Any person struggling through difficult times will seek out other means of financial support including borrowing money that may be harder to pay back in the future. The United States will often follow a similar path and spend more money than it earns. Deficit spending in the United States comes with some advantages, disadvantages, and strong criticism. Some feel deficit spending is good for getting the economy back in motion while others contend it does nothing for the economy. The effects of deficit spending are carefully examined to determine if the United States is improving or degrading the future of the economy.

     “In addition to theses endless pleading of self-interest, there is a second main factor that spawns new economic fallacies every day. This is the persistent tendency of men to see only the immediate effects of a given policy, or its effects only on a special group and to neglect

The underlying truth of deficit spending is the same whether it is used in finance, economics or government that the more is spent, the less income is made (Buzzle, 2014). Many economists argue that deficit spending will hinder economic growth while others disagree. Deficit spending has been the topic of debate for a very long time. Deficit spending is “when government's expenditures exceed its revenues, causing or deepening a deficit. This excess spending needs to be financed through borrowing, likely from foreign governments. The increased government spending can help stimulate the economy as more money flows in, but the jump in borrowing can have an adverse effect of raising interest rates” (Investopedia, 2013). In simpler terms, deficit spending is when a governing body of a nation needs to borrow money from other nations due to the nation being in a recession. Governments borrowed against future revenues so that they are able to finance domestic welfare spending before the twentieth

government spending and as a result, we are seeing an accumulation of debt that continues to

Increased spending on investment adds to aggregate demand and helps to restore normal levels of production and employment.Fiscal policy, on the other hand, can provide an additional tool to combat recessions and is particularly useful when the tools of monetary policy lose their effectiveness. When the government cuts taxes, it increases households’ disposable income, which encourages them to increase spending on consumption. When the government buys goods and services, it adds directly to aggregate demand. Moreover, these fiscal actions can have multiplier effects: Higher aggregate demand leads to higher incomes, which in turn induces additional consumer spending and further increases in aggregate demand.Traditional Keynesian analysis indicates that increases in government purchases are a more potent tool than decreases in taxes. When the government gives a dollar in tax cuts to a household, part of that dollar may be saved rather than spent. The part of the dollar that is saved does not contribute to the aggregate demand for goods and services. By contrast, when the government spends a dollar buying a good or service, that dollar immediately and fully adds to aggregate demand.

This could be caused by governments overestimating the potential of the economy, and thus believing that the long run aggregate supply curve lies somewhere to the right of its actual position. In that case, governments might spend more money in order to try to get the economy back to its potential level. However, since they would in fact be attempting to cause

Political Factors should also be mentioned when discussing the progress of an economic cycle, for example to make the appearance of a certain government positive, prior to an election they may attempt to boost employment in the UK. This is a last ditch

The national debt results from the federal government spending more than it can pay off or earn in revenue. While it seems that American citizens may not have a big part of the debt, two-thirds of the debt are actually owned by the people and companies—and even foreign governments—that buy or invest in fixed-income investments—bills, notes, or bonds—which in return pays the buyer/investor back after a certain amount of time (Amadeo). The government also uses money from Social Security, Medicare, and more trust funds. This debt is a threat, but in the short run, it benefits the economy when the federal government is able to pay for programs and construction, leading to an increase of employed people. Although it is beneficial in the short run, it does not help the economy in the long run when the government has to pay back the buyers/investors; the government can only have so much funds. When people have jobs and are paid, they are able to buy goods and services which help the economy (Amadeo). However, large amounts of spending and