Example Of Polydactyly

During the third to eighth week of conception, fingers, arm bones, and toes are being formed. Limbs start off as buds that then extend outward. This is all due to the DNA that is in each and every cell in the body.

In the first month of pregnancy head and trunk appear and tiny arm buds begin to form, followed by leg buds. The early embryo seems to have a "tail", but this is really a protective covering for the spinal cord because the central nervous system (brain, spine and spinal cord) is so important. At this point of development the structures that eventually form the face and neck are becoming

E. Why is the 28th week a crucial point in the development of the fetus?

The advanced technology today makes it possible to fetus’s potential conditions when it is born. Not everything is perfect and sometimes we find out that a baby

Biological development of a fetus is vary rapid and complex over the nine-month period in the womb. When both the male spermatozoon and the female ovum combine it forms what is called a zygote which holds the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. The zygote or the embryo undergoes cell division and makes its way to the uterine wall to implant itself, this process is completed about ten days after conception. By the end of the eighth week the organ systems have formed and human characteristics can start to be noticed. From the eighth week until birth the embryo is now labeled a fetus. Quickening can occur from the sixteenth week until birth, this is where the mother can feel the fetus moving. Around the twenty-second week viability can take place, this is where the fetus can survive outside the womb. The nine-month period of being pregnant is split into different trimesters. With the different trimesters there are different abortion procedures can be used to remove the fetus.

When an embryo becomes a fetus at eight weeks, it is approximately 3 centimeters; by the time the fetus is considered full-term, he or she may be 50 centimeters (Brisbane 60). The fetal stage, that takes place during week 9 to birth, result in a whole bunch of changes. (Brisbane 61). During the fetal stage, all parts of the body mature, and the overall of the baby size increases. Although all of the organ systems were formed during embryonic development, they continue to develop and grow during the fetal stage as well. During the third month, the reproductive system becomes developed and the sex of the baby becomes apparent (Staff). For girls, the ovarian follicles begin to form and for boys the prostate gland. Throughout months four through six, the heartbeat grows stronger and other body systems become further developed (Brisbane 63). Features such as fingernails, hair, eyelashes and toenails form. During the period from seven months until birth, the fetus continues to develop, put on weight, and prepare for life outside the womb (Brisbane 64). The lungs begin to expand and contract, preparing the muscles for breathing (Brisbane 64). The time in which the baby is born is a very critical. In some situations, a baby can be born as early as 7 months. When a baby is born too early, his ar her organs are not usually fully formed. This can result in many complications and health problems. Including, If premature pregnancy is the case, the baby would need some intensive care in hospitals. If the baby survives the stages, at the end of the nine month of pregnancy the baby will turn to a head-down position to prepare for birth. If the baby is not in the head-down position and in breech position a cesarean section may be required, which can cause many more complications. If a baby passes all these crucial factors, it is guaranteed to be born

It is imperative for a mother to take care of herself while pregnant. This will give the fetus a better chance at healthy developmental milestones. One way to achieve this is through a healthy diet which aids fetal brain development. Moreover, taking the supplemental vitamins recommended by the physician helps too. Finally, a mother should try to eliminate too much stress in her life while pregnant. This can have a negative impact on the pregnancy. This is what healthy development looks like during conception. At 3 months the baby is fully formed. The hands, arms, feet and toes are all present. Also, the bodily organs are present but need to mature more at this point. During the 3-6 month period is where the most rapid brain development takes place (Hutchison, 2013). This is the trimester where you begin to feel movement. At 6-9 months the baby continues to grow and mature to prepare for entry into the world.

If born at this time, the baby will be considered premature and require special care.

Most of the birth defects occur during the first three months of pregnancy when the baby’s organs

The brain continues to grow and rapidly develops in three stages known as Neurogenesis, Synaptogensis, and synaptic pruning. Neurogenesis describes the process of rapid division within the nervous system to create functional regions of the brain where most of the process is complete before birth while some regions continue to form after birth such as hippocampal cells. Synaptogensis forms new connections between neurons as over time connections increase in density where some only form one synapse and others form hundreds of thousands. Synaptic pruning removes synapses due to the fact some are only needed temporarily, some are damaged or become dysfunctional, or that some are not used often enough so they are removed for specialization. The newly formed fetus from weeks 9 to 12 shows signs of simple movement with reflexes in arms and legs while sex organs begin to differentiate. Fingers, fingerprints, and toes are fully formed around week 16 and around week 24 the fetus develops response to sound. More remarkably the brain doubles in size between week 16 and 28, while developing basic behavior. The fetus gains greater coordination skills as the cerebral cortex grows larger and personality also develops. Around the 28th week the fetus can mediate sensory input as thalamic brain connections form, such as responding to bright light from within the dark womb. Growth slows down around the 30th or 32nd week but the fetus continues to gain weight and by week 37 has developed all organ systems necessary to survive outside the uterus. Prenatal development ends with the birth of the fetus around 38 to 40 weeks

    According to parents.com, after conception, a fetus begins to develop rather quickly. In the fifth week of pregnancy, a baby’s heart begins to beat. A baby also develops three distinct layers, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These three layers will eventually form the body systems that are necessary

First trimester: By 12 weeks of pregnancy the foetus will be fully formed. The ovum grows and develops certain important parts of the baby’s body such as spinal cord, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, heart and lungs in the first four weeks from conception. The heart starts beating and brain and other organs forms by eight weeks. At this stage, the face is formed and arms and legs start to move. The baby grows to 3 inches long and

Synthesis of DNA and RNA, and rapid growth of cells and tissue during infancy, adolescence, and pregnancy.

Type II syndactyly or synpolydactyly(SPD) is a semi dominant inherited limb malformation that involves a fusion of digits. It is caused by mutations in HOXD13 on chromosome 2 due to polyalanine repeat expansions. Polyalanine repeats in SPD are mitotically and meiotically stable, causing polymorphisms to be rare, unlike other nucleotide repeat expansions such as Friedreich’s ataxia. HOXD13 is a member of the HOX family, a family of transcription factors that are proteins which contain homeodomain that are important for controlling cell fate along the limb axes and body. HOXD13 is a part of the HOXD gene cluster and crucial for limb development, particularly during the early and late stages of limb development. The stage occurs during the creation of the limb buds at week 4, during this stage the limbs have AP polarity through the expression of sonic hedgehog(shh) signaling from the zone of polarizing

From just a single cell, a series of moments of development have been adding up. While we all followed the same path through our first eight weeks in the womb, we all did it in our unique way. Each one of us is defined by this extraordinary time in our development, a time that continues to affect us all. From our first breath to our very